Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23742010›Full record

ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2013

Impact of continuing or quitting smoking on episodic cluster headache: a pilot survey.

Anna Ferrari, Maurizio Zappaterra, Federica Righi, Michela Ciccarese, Ilaria Tiraferri, Luigi Alberto Pini, Simona Guerzoni, Maria Michela Cainazzo

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Smoking and cluster headache: clinical, gender, and treatment insights from a cross-sectional cluster analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Observational
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Impact of tobacco smoking on disease-specific outcomes in common neurological disorders: A scoping review.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2024
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Behavioral and psychological aspects of cluster headache: an overview.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Observational
  19. Clinical Features of Cluster Headache Patients in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2017
    Article
  20. Licit and illicit drug use in cluster headache.Current pain and headache reports · 2014
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anna FerrariHeadache and Drug Abuse Inter-Department Research Centre, Division of Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia- Policlinico, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41100 Modena, Italy. anna.ferrari@unimore.it
Maurizio Zappaterra
Federica Righi
Michela Ciccarese
Ilaria Tiraferri
Luigi Alberto Pini
Simona Guerzoni
Maria Michela Cainazzo
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe majority of patients suffering from cluster headache (CH) are smokers and it has been suggested that smoking may trigger the development of CH. The aim of this pilot survey was to describe: 1. the differences between current, former, and never smokers CH patients; 2. if smoking changed during an active cluster period; 3. if CH changed after quitting.

methodsAll outpatients with episodic CH according to the criteria of ICHD-II who were consecutively seen for the first time from October 2010 to April 2012 at a headache centre were interviewed by phone using a specifically prepared questionnaire. Statistical differences between continuous variables were analysed by the Student's t-test or the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc testing. Comparisons between percentages were made using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. All data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD).

resultsAmong a total of 200 patients surveyed (172 males, 28 females; mean age ± SD: 48.41 ± 12 years) there were 60%, 21%, and 19% of current, former, and never smokers, respectively. Current smokers reported longer active periods (12.38 ± 10 weeks) and a higher maximum number of attacks per day (3.38 ± 1) compared to never smoker CH patients (5.68 ± 4 weeks, P <0.05 and 2.47 ± 1, P <0.05, respectively). During the active period most of the patients stated to decrease (45.7%) or not to change (45.7%) the number of cigarettes smoked. Among those who decreased smoking, most (83.8%) reported that they had less desire to smoke. After quitting, the majority of former smokers stated that their headache had not changed.

conclusionsPatients with episodic CH who are also smokers appear to have a more severe form of the disorder. However, it is unlikely that between CH and smoking there is a causal relationship, as CH patients rarely improve quitting smoking.

Indexed as

Smoking CessationCluster HeadacheFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsSmokingSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID23742010
PMCPMC3680186
OpenAlexW2106411156

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.