Trial reportThe oncologist2013
Phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel and CG1940/CG8711 followed by radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer.
Trial report in The oncologist, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The landscape of genitourinary cancer vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Synergistic targeting strategies for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Review
- Neoadjuvant lutetium PSMA, the TIME and immune response in high-risk localized prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Advances in bio-immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Whole tumour cell-based vaccines: tuning the instruments to orchestrate an optimal antitumour immune response.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Targeted Radiation and Immune Therapies-Advances and Opportunities for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Development of Cancer Immunotherapies.Cancer treatment and research · 2022Article
- Cancer Vaccines for Genitourinary Tumors: Recent Progresses and Future Possibilities.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Treatment Combinations with DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC).Cancers · 2020Review
- The WNT/β-catenin signaling inhibitor XAV939 enhances the elimination of LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells by prostate cancer patient lymphocytes in vitro.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Novel GM-CSF-based vaccines: One small step in GM-CSF gene optimization, one giant leap for human vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- Therapeutic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involves a novel mechanism mediated by clusterin.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Neoadjuvant therapy for localized prostate cancer: Examining mechanism of action and efficacy within the tumor.Urologic oncology · 2016Review
- Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: review of the current evidence.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2015Review
- Neoadjuvant Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer.Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of IndiaReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProstate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy in American men. PC, which exhibits a slow growth rate and multiple potential target epitopes, is an ideal candidate for immunotherapy. GVAX for prostate cancer is a cellular immunotherapy, composed of PC-3 cells (CG1940) and LNCaP cells (CG8711). Each of the components is a prostate adenocarcinoma cell line that has been genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Hypothesizing that GVAX for prostate cancer could be effective in a neoadjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced disease, we initiated a phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel and GVAX. For the trial, the clinical effects of GVAX were assessed in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).
methodsPatients received docetaxel administered at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. GVAX was administered 2-3 days after chemotherapy preoperatively for four courses of immunotherapy. The first dose of GVAX was a prime immunotherapy of 5×10(8) cells. The subsequent boost immunotherapies consisted of 3×10(8) cells. After RP, patients received an additional six courses of immunotherapy. Pathologic complete response, toxicity, and clinical response were assessed. The primary endpoint of the trial was a pathologic state of pT0, which is defined as no evidence of cancer in the prostate.
resultsSix patients completed neoadjuvant docetaxel and GVAX therapy. No serious drug-related adverse events were observed. Median change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) following neoadjuvant therapy was 1.47 ng/ml. One patient did not undergo RP due to the discovery of positive lymph nodes during exploration. Of the five patients completing RP, four had a downstaging of their Gleason score. Undetectable PSA was achieved in three patients at 2 months after RP and in two patients at 3 years after RP.
conclusionsNeoadjuvant docetaxel/GVAX is safe and well tolerated in patients with high-risk locally advanced PC. No evidence of increased intraoperative hemorrhage or increased length of hospital stay postoperatively was noted. These results justify further study of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
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