Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2013
Continuous flash suppression modulates cortical activity in early visual cortex.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous flash suppression of neural responses and population orientation coding in macaque V1.eLife · 2026Article
- The impact of awareness on affective emoji priming in visual word recognition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mid-level perceptual features, and not ambiguity, accelerate access to awareness.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Breakthrough thresholds in continuous flash suppression are tuned to mask temporal frequency but suppression depth is constant.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Local motion governs visibility and suppression of biological motion in continuous flash suppression.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Decoding dynamic faces and scenes without awareness under dis-continuous flash suppression.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Priority access to awareness? A new 'CFS tracking' paradigm reveals no priority for fearful faces or a face inversion effect.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Serial dependence requires visual awareness: Evidence from continuous flash suppression.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Article
- Setting the tone: crossmodal emotional face-voice combinations in continuous flash suppression.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Audiovisual interactions outside of visual awareness during motion adaptation.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2024Article
- Does V1 response suppression initiate binocular rivalry?iScience · 2023Article
- CFS-crafter: An open-source tool for creating and analyzing images for continuous flash suppression experiments.Behavior research methods · 2023Article
- Gestalt formation promotes awareness of suppressed visual stimuli during binocular rivalry.Visual cognition · 2023Article
- Simulating background settings during spoken and written sentence comprehension.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Article
- Article
- Dissociating conscious and unconscious influences on visual detection effects.Nature human behaviour · 2021Article
- Towards Strong Inference in Research on Embodiment - Possibilities and Limitations of Causal Paradigms.Journal of cognition · 2021Article
- From non-conscious processing to conscious events: a minimalist approach.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2021Review
- Continuous flash suppression: Known and unknowns.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A salient visual stimulus can be rendered invisible by presenting it to one eye while flashing a mask to the other eye. This procedure, called continuous flash suppression (CFS), has been proposed as an ideal way of studying awareness as it can make a stimulus imperceptible for extended periods of time. Previous studies have reported robust suppression of cortical activity in higher visual areas during CFS, but the role of primary visual cortex (V1) is still controversial. In this study, we resolve this controversy on the role of V1 in CFS and also begin characterizing the computational processes underlying CFS. Early visual cortical activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging while human subjects viewed stimuli composed of target and mask, presented to the same or different eyes. Functional MRI responses in early visual cortex were smaller when target and mask were in different eyes compared with the same eye, not only for the lowest contrast target rendered invisible by CFS, but also for higher contrast targets, which were visible even when presented to the eye opposite the mask. We infer that CFS is based on modulating the gain of neural responses, akin to reducing target contrast.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.