ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2013
A standardized assessment of thyroid nodules in children confirms higher cancer prevalence than in adults.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 289 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic performance of adult-based ultrasound risk stratification systems in pediatric thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Global incidence and prevalence of differentiated thyroid cancer in childhood: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- 2022 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of pediatric thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid carcinoma.European thyroid journal · 2022Guideline
- Paediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a UK National Clinical Practice Consensus Guideline.Endocrine-related cancer · 2022Guideline
- Diagnostic performance of adult-based ATA and ACR-TIRADS ultrasound risk stratification systems in pediatric thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2021Pooled it
- Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2015Guideline
- Multiclassifier Radiomics Analysis of Ultrasound for Prediction of Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Trial
- Imaging Assessment and Management of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Emphasis on Application of 2021 K-TIRADS.Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · 2026Review
- Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Adult Risk Stratification Systems, 2021 K-TIRADS Revision, and Future Refinements.Korean journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma: postoperative management and 14-year experience with radioiodine therapy at a Portuguese oncology centre.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Ultrasonography of palpable masses in the pediatric head and neck.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- [Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of adult-based ultrasound ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS in adolescent thyroid nodules.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Cytological, Histopathological, and Imaging Findings Based on 10 mm Threshold in Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diagnostic performance of ACR-TIRADS for thyroid nodule risk stratification in pediatric patients.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Who Is Diagnosing Pediatric Thyroid Nodules? A Tertiary Children's Hospital Review.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Paediatric Thyroid Carcinoma: The Genetic Revolution and Its Implications for Therapy and Outcomes.Cancers · 2025Review
- Potential determinants and predictors of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy in pediatric patients.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Association between long-term exposure to PMEnvironmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, but due to its rare occurrence in the pediatric population, the cancer risk of childhood thyroid nodules is incompletely defined, and optimal management of children with suspected nodules is debated.
objectiveThe aim was to study the presenting features and cancer risk of sporadic childhood thyroid nodules using a standardized clinical assessment and management plan. DESIGN AND
settingBoston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital collaborated to create a multidisciplinary pediatric thyroid nodule clinic and implement a standardized assessment plan. Upon referral for a suspected nodule, serum TSH was measured and hypothyrotropinemic patients underwent (123)I scintigraphy. All others underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and if this confirmed nodule(s) ≥ 1 cm, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and compared to a control population of 2582 adults evaluated by identical methods. PATIENTS AND
resultsOf 300 consecutive children referred for the initial evaluation of suspected thyroid nodules from 1997 to 2011, 17 were diagnosed with autonomous nodules by scintigraphy. Neck ultrasonography performed in the remainder revealed that biopsy was unnecessary in over half, either by documenting only sub-centimeter nodules or showing that no nodule was present. A total of 125 children met criteria for thyroid biopsy, which was performed without complication. Their rate of cancer was 22%, significantly higher than the adult rate of 14% (P = .02).
conclusionsNeck ultrasonography and biopsy were key to the evaluation of children with suspected thyroid nodules. Although the relative cancer prevalence of sonographically confirmed nodules ≥ 1 cm is higher in pediatric patients than adults, most children referred for suspected nodules have benign conditions, and efforts to avoid unnecessary surgery in this majority are warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.