ArticleJournal of innate immunity2013
Intestinal epithelium-derived galectin-9 is involved in the immunomodulating effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Static Stretching Acutely Reduces the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Performance but Not Maximal Ball Velocity in Football Players.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Counteracting Static Stretching-Induced Anaerobic Performance Impairment: The Role of Caffeine.Journal of human kinetics · 2026Article
- Altered distribution of tissue galectins correlates with mucosal dysregulation in SIV infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Effects of isolated or combined carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation on tennis training performance: single-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover session.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Tailored Combinations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Immune Response in an In Vitro Model of Intestinal Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Moderate-dose caffeine enhances anaerobic performance without altering hydration status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Marine-derived Compounds: A Powerful Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Specific Human Milk Oligosaccharides Differentially Promote Th1 and Regulatory Responses in a CpG-Activated Epithelial/Immune Cell Coculture.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Butyrate interacts with the effects of 2'FL and 3FL to modulateFrontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Galectin-9 recognizes and exhibits antimicrobial activity toward microbes expressing blood group-like antigens.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Modulation of the Epithelial-Immune Cell Crosstalk and Related Galectin Secretion by DP3-5 Galacto-Oligosaccharides and β-3'Galactosyllactose.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Nutritional Interventions to Prevent the Development of Atopic Diseases: A Focus on Cow's Milk Allergy.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Article
- Epithelial-derived galectin-9 containing exosomes contribute to the immunomodulatory effects promoted by 2'-fucosyllactose and short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Establishment of a 3-Dimensional Intestinal Cell Model to Simulate the Intestinal Mucosal Immune System for Food Allergy Investigations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Soluble TIM3 and Its Ligands Galectin-9 and CEACAM1 Are in Disequilibrium During Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Promote Impairment of Anti-bacterial Immunity.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Goat Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Diversity, Quantity, and Functional Properties in Comparison to Human Milk Oligosaccharides.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2020Review
- Galectin-9 Induced by Dietary Prebiotics Regulates Immunomodulation to Reduce Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in 1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-Treated NC/Nga Mice.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary intervention using nondigestible oligosaccharides, short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), in combination with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V prevents allergic disease involving galectin-9. In addition, apical TLR9 signaling contributes to intestinal homeostasis. We studied the contribution of galectin-9 secreted by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC; HT-29 and T84) in Th1 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) polarization in vitro. IEC were grown in transwell filters, cocultured with CD3/CD28-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and apically exposed to genomic DNA derived from B. breve M-16V or synthetic TLR9 ligand in the absence or presence of scGOS/lcFOS. Cytokine production and T-cell phenotype were determined and galectin expression by IEC was assessed. Galectin-9 was neutralized using lactose or a TIM-3-Fc fusion protein. IEC exposed to DNA from B. breve M-16V or TLR9 ligand in the presence of scGOS/lcFOS enhanced IFN-γ secretion by PBMC and increased the percentage of Th1 and Treg cells. Expression and secretion of galectin-9 by IEC was increased and neutralization of galectin-9 prevented the induction of IFN-γ secretion and also suppressed the production of IL-10 by PBMC. Furthermore, we show that galectin-9 induces Treg and Th1 polarization through interaction with antigen-presenting cells. Our findings show that galectin-9 secreted by IEC apically exposed to TLR9 ligand in the presence of scGOS/lcFOS is involved in Th1 and Treg polarization and may be a promising target to prevent or treat allergic disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.