Observational studyBone2013
OPG and sRANKL serum levels and incident hip fracture in postmenopausal Caucasian women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
Observational study in Bone, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Data for Parametrization ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of physical activity and exercise on bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of observational and experimental studies.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for osteoporosis management: from molecular mechanisms to drug discovery.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Update on the role of bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: a consensus paper from The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Review
- Digital twin simulations with a micro-multiphysics agent-based model reveal key drivers of bone loss after denosumab discontinuation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- The Imbalance of Cytokines and Lower Levels of Tregs in Elderly Male Primary Osteoporosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Age-related changes and reference intervals of RANKL, OPG, and bone turnover markers in Indian women.Archives of osteoporosis · 2021Article
- Comprehensive assessment of tissue and serum parameters of bone metabolism in a series of orthopaedic patients.PloS one · 2019Article
- Leptin can promote mineralization and up-regulate RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts from adult female SD rats.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2018Article
- Circulating Levels of Bone and Inflammatory Markers in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.BioResearch open access · 2018Article
- Estrogens and androgens inhibit association of RANKL with the pre-osteoblast membrane through post-translational mechanisms.Journal of cellular physiology · 2017Article
- Bone remodeling and regulating biomarkers in women at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
- Bioavailable 25(OH)D but Not Total 25(OH)D Is an Independent Determinant for Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Postmenopausal Women.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe osteoprotogerin/receptor activator of NF-kappa β/receptor activator of NF-kappa β ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL) pathway plays a critical role in bone remodeling. This study investigated associations between serum levels of OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and the ratio of OPG/sRANKL to risk of incident hip fracture.
methodsA nested case-control study was conducted among postmenopausal, Caucasian women aged 50-79 at baseline (1993-1998), followed for hip fracture through March 2005 in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. 400 incident hip fracture cases were selected and individually matched to 400 controls with no prior fracture or incident hip fracture. Matching factors were baseline age, enrollment date and hormone therapy (HT) exposure. Baseline serum OPG and sRANKL levels were measured using high sensitivity ELISA. Odds ratios were computed for quartiles of each biomarker adjusting for matching factors and hip fracture risk factors.
resultsSerum OPG was significantly associated with older age, low physical activity and poorer physical function in control women. sRANKL was inversely associated with total calcium intake in control women, but not associated with age or other fracture risk factors. The odds ratio for hip fracture comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of OPG was 2.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-3.61) after adjusting for the matching variables (p-value for linear trend <0.001), and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.15-3.04; p for linear trend=0.02) after adjusting for self-rated health status, physical activity and physical functioning. No significant associations between sRANKL or the ratio of OPG/sRANKL and hip fracture risk were observed.
conclusionSerum OPG levels were independently associated with a nearly twofold increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.