Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23734631›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2013

How managed a market? Modes of commissioning in England and Germany.

Rod Sheaff, Naomi Chambers, Nigel Charles, Mark Exworthy, Ann Mahon, Richard Byng, Russell Mannion

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
25.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Commissioning a 'neighbourhood health service': what can we learn from the literature?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The limits of market-based reforms.BMC health services research · 2013
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Rod SheaffUniversity of Plymouth, UK. R.Sheaff@plymouth.ac.uk
Naomi Chambers
Nigel Charles
Mark Exworthy
Ann Mahon
Richard Byng
Russell Mannion
Manchester School of Architecture · GBUniversity of Plymouth · GBPeninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GB

Funding

Department of Health 08/1806/262
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn quasi-markets governance over healthcare providers is mediated by commissioners. Different commissioners apply different combinations of six methods of control ('media of power') for exercising governance: managerial performance, negotiation, discursive control, incentives, competition and juridical control. This paper compares how English and German healthcare commissioners do so.

methodsSystematic comparison of observational national-level case studies in terms of six media of power, using data from multiple sources.

resultsThe comparison exposes and contrasts two basic generic modes of commissioning: 1. Surrogate planning (English NHS), in which a negotiated order involving micro-commissioning, provider competition, financial incentives and penalties are the dominant media of commissioner power over providers. 2. Case-mix commissioning (Germany), in which managerial performance, an 'episode based' negotiated order and juridical controls appear the dominant media of commissioner power.

conclusionsGovernments do not necessarily maximise commissioners' power over providers by implementing as many media of power as possible because these media interact, some complementing and others inhibiting each other. In particular, patient choice of provider inhibits commissioners' use of provider competition as a means of control.

Indexed as

Health PolicyGermanyHealth Care ReformHealth Care SectorHumansNational Health ProgramsUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID23734631
PMCPMC3663658
OpenAlexW2113818256

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.