ReviewJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2013
Type I and II endometrial cancers: have they different risk factors?
Review in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02730923 (A Multicentric, Randomized, Non Comparative, Open-label Phase I/II Evaluating AZD2014), which is not on this map. Cited by 422 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicentric, Randomized, Non Comparative, Open-label Phase I/II Evaluating AZD2014 (Dual Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/2 (mTORC1/mTORC2) Inhibitor) in Combination With Anastrozole Versus Anastrozole Alone in the Treatment of Metastatic Hormone Receptor-positive Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
Who cites it
422 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 816 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights and limitations of endometrial cancer risk prediction models for clinical applicability: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Time since last birth and the risk of endometrial cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Safety of diagnostic hysteroscopy for the investigation of type II endometrial cancer: systematic review with meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device therapy vs oral progestin treatment for reproductive-aged patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium: An individual-participant meta-analysis.Gynecologic oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Fertility-Sparing Approach in Patients with Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Grade 2 Stage IA (FIGO): A Qualitative Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- Racial difference in BMI and lung cancer diagnosis: analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial.BMC cancer · 2022Trial
- Estradiol Promotes Tumor Progression in ERα-Low Endometrial Cancer via the GPER/SphK1 Pathway.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Obesity Promotes Lung Carcinogenesis Through Airway Immune Dysfunction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026Article
- Regional and statewide hysterectomy-corrected endometrial cancer incidence and five-year relative survival in Texas.Cancer epidemiology · 2026Article
- Long-term outdoor air pollution and risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers in a large prospective cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Pubertal timing and incident uterine cancer in the Sister Study cohort.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The Role of Mesothelin in Gynecological Tumors and Its Significance in Targeted Therapies-A Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Integrated study reveals molecular mechanisms by which bisphenol A promotes ovarian cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of High-Grade Endometrial Cancer in an Ancestrally Diverse Cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Establishiment of PANoptosis-related prognostic signature and experimental identification of SIGLEC1 as an oncogenic biomarker in endometrial cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Decoding the microbial landscape of endometrial cancer: a case-control study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineering the Human Endometrial-Embryo Interface: Breakthroughs in 3D Uterine Models.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Risk stratification for endometrial cancer: independent and joint effects of polygenic risk score and body mass index in 129,829 UK Biobank participants.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
362 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
62 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEndometrial cancers have long been divided into estrogen-dependent type I and the less common clinically aggressive estrogen-independent type II. Little is known about risk factors for type II tumors because most studies lack sufficient cases to study these much less common tumors separately. We examined whether so-called classical endometrial cancer risk factors also influence the risk of type II tumors. PATIENTS AND
methodsIndividual-level data from 10 cohort and 14 case-control studies from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium were pooled. A total of 14,069 endometrial cancer cases and 35,312 controls were included. We classified endometrioid (n = 7,246), adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (n = 4,830), and adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation (n = 777) as type I tumors and serous (n = 508) and mixed cell (n = 346) as type II tumors.
resultsParity, oral contraceptive use, cigarette smoking, age at menarche, and diabetes were associated with type I and type II tumors to similar extents. Body mass index, however, had a greater effect on type I tumors than on type II tumors: odds ratio (OR) per 2 kg/m(2) increase was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.21) for type I and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.14) for type II tumors (P heterogeneity < .0001). Risk factor patterns for high-grade endometrioid tumors and type II tumors were similar.
conclusionThe results of this pooled analysis suggest that the two endometrial cancer types share many common etiologic factors. The etiology of type II tumors may, therefore, not be completely estrogen independent, as previously believed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.