Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23733464›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013

Cell wall perturbation sensitizes fungi to the antimalarial drug chloroquine.

Farida Islahudin, Combiz Khozoie, Steven Bates, Kang-Nee Ting, Richard J Pleass, Simon V Avery

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Quinine Enhances Photo-Inactivation of Gram-Negative Bacteria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020
    Article
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  10. Article
  11. Article
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  15. Article
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  17. Review
  18. Reply to "chloroquine, an antifungal but also a fertility drug".Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013
    Article
  19. Chloroquine, an antifungal but also a fertility drug.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Farida IslahudinSchool of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Combiz Khozoie
Steven Bates
Kang-Nee Ting
Richard J Pleass
Simon V Avery
University of Nottingham · GBUniversity of Exeter · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Campus · MY

Funding

Medical Research Council G0300145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chloroquine (CQ) has been a mainstay of antimalarial drug treatment for several decades. Additional therapeutic actions of CQ have been described, including some reports of fungal inhibition. Here we investigated the action of CQ in fungi, including the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A genomewide yeast deletion strain collection was screened against CQ, revealing that bck1Δ and slt2Δ mutants of the cell wall integrity pathway are CQ hypersensitive. This phenotype was rescued with sorbitol, consistent with cell wall involvement. The cell wall-targeting agent caffeine caused hypersensitivity to CQ, as did cell wall perturbation by sonication. The phenotypes were not caused by CQ-induced changes to cell wall components. Instead, CQ accumulated to higher levels in cells with perturbed cell walls: CQ uptake was 2- to 3-fold greater in bck1Δ and slt2Δ mutants than in wild-type yeast. CQ toxicity was synergistic with that of the major cell wall-targeting antifungal drug, caspofungin. The MIC of caspofungin against the yeast pathogen Candida albicans was decreased 2-fold by 250 μM CQ and up to 8-fold at higher CQ concentrations. Similar effects were seen in Candida glabrata and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results show that the cell wall is critical for CQ resistance in fungi and suggest that combination treatments with cell wall-targeting drugs could have potential for antifungal treatment.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, FungalAntimalarialsAspergillus fumigatusBiological TransportCandida albicansCandida glabrataCaspofunginCell WallChloroquineDrug SynergismEchinocandinsLipopeptidesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAntimalarialsBCK1 protein, S cerevisiaeCaspofunginChloroquineEchinocandinsLipopeptidesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSLT2 protein, S cerevisiaeSorbitol

Identifiers

PMID23733464
PMCPMC3719739
OpenAlexW2116485371

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.