ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2013
The development of socioeconomic inequalities in anxiety and depression symptoms over the lifecourse.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Social inequalities in antidepressant treatment outcomes: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- Can Yoga or Physical Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain Improve Depression and Anxiety Among Adults From a Racially Diverse, Low-Income Community? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Both childhood and adult perceived financial strain impact age trajectories of change in emotional health in late adulthood.Aging & mental health · 2025Observational
- Social support in a large general population sample over the course of six years.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among Adults: United States, 2019 and 2022.National health statistics reports · 2024Article
- The association of sociodemographic characteristics with work disability trajectories during and following long-term psychotherapy: a longitudinal register study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Tracking of depressed mood from adolescence into adulthood and the role of peer and parental support: A partial test of the Adolescent Pathway Model.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Impacts of Anxiety and Depression on Clinical Hypertension in Low-Income US Adults.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Article
- Season of birth has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Exploring Factors for Predicting Anxiety Disorders of the Elderly Living Alone in South Korea Using Interpretable Machine Learning: A Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Exploring the Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Brazilian Sample during the COVID-19 Outbreak.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Association of Family Income with Health Indices and Healthcare Utilization in a Large Sample of Residents in Northern Greece.Maedica · 2020Article
- Contribution of psychosocial factors to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among older Australian men: a population-based cohort study.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- Depression Treatment Status of Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Mental and Physical Health Correlates of Financial Difficulties Among African-American Older Adults in Low-Income Areas of Los Angeles.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Gender differences in health-related quality of life in people with severe mental illness.PloS one · 2020Article
- Depressive Symptoms among Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults in South Los Angeles.Brain sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
purposeSocioeconomic inequalities in anxiety and depression widen with increasing age. This may be due to differences in the incidence or persistence of symptoms. This paper investigates the widening of inequalities in anxiety and depression over the lifecourse.
methodsData were from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, constituting three cohorts aged approximately 16, 36 and 56 years at baseline and re-visited at 5-yearly intervals for 20 years. Symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Adjusting for age and sex, multilevel models with pairs of interviews (n = 6,878) nested within individuals (n = 3,165) were used for each cohort to estimate associations between current symptoms and education or household social class for both those with and without earlier symptoms, approximating socioeconomic differences in incidence and persistence.
resultsInequalities in current symptom levels were present for both those with and without earlier symptoms. In the youngest cohort, those with less education were more likely to experience persistent depression and to progress from anxiety to depression. At older ages there were educational and social class differences in both the persistence and incidence of symptoms, though there was more evidence of differential persistence than incidence in the middle cohort and more evidence of differential incidence than persistence in the oldest cohort.
conclusionsDifferential persistence and symptom progression indicate that intervening to prevent or treat symptoms earlier in life is likely to reduce socioeconomic inequalities later, but attention also needs to be given to late adulthood where differential incidence emerges more strongly than differential persistence.
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