ArticlePreventive medicine2013
Neighborhood safety and green space as predictors of obesity among preschool children from low-income families in New York City.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- The built environment as determinant of childhood obesity: A systematic literature review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- State-of-the-art of measures of the obesogenic environment for children.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Green Space Exposure Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity, and Obesity: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity-related behaviours.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2019Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Health and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2026Review
- Physical and Mental Health of Caregivers and Educators of Preschool-Aged Children: Identifying Benefits and Barriers to Outdoor Time, How Outdoor Time Can Make a Difference for Health Equity, and Why Income Matters.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Assessing greenspace and cardiovascular health through deep-learning analysis of street-view imagery in a cohort of US children.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Early life factors that affect obesity and the need for complex solutions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The indoors microbiome and human health.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Outdoor environment and obesity: A review of current evidence.Metabolism open · 2024Review
- Assessing Immediate and Lasting Impacts of COVID-19-Induced Isolation on Green Space Usage Patterns.GeoHealth · 2024Article
- Food Insecurity and Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Observing the neighborhood multidimensionality and overweight in children of different developmental stages-the emergence of an unusual association.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Equity in Obesity Review.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Trends in school-neighbourhood inequalities and youth obesity: Repeated cross-sectional analyses of the public schools in the state of California.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Incorporating interactions into structured life course modelling approaches: A simulation study and applied example of the role of access to green space and socioeconomic position on cardiometabolic health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Associations of Neighborhood Opportunity and Social Vulnerability With Trajectories of Childhood Body Mass Index and Obesity Among US Children.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The effect of the street environment on two types of essential physical activity in industrial neighborhoods from the perspective of public health: a study from the Harbin low-income population health survey, China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- How Income Inequality and Race Concentrate Depression in Low-Income Women in the US; 2005-2016.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Association between Greenness and Urbanization Level with Weight Status among Adolescents: New Evidence from the HBSC 2018 Italian Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeighborhood safety, green space, walkability, and sociodemographics may influence physical activity and childhood obesity.
methodsData on measured height and weight, demographic characteristics, and home ZIP code were collected from year 2004 enrollees in a means-tested preschool program in New York City. Each ZIP code was surrounded by a 400-m buffer and characterized using data from the US census, local government departments, New York Times website, and Transportation Alternatives. Linear and Poisson models were constructed using cluster robust standard errors and adjusting for child's sex, race, ethnicity, age, and neighborhood characteristics.
resultsAnalyses included 11,562 children ages 3-5 years living in 160 residential ZIP codes. A higher homicide rate (at the 75th vs 25th percentile) was associated with a 22% higher prevalence of obesity (95% CI for the prevalence ratio (PR): 1.05 to 1.41). A higher density of street trees (at the 75th vs 25th percentile) was associated with 12% lower prevalence of obesity (95% CI for the PR: 0.79 to 0.99). Other neighborhood characteristics did not have significant associations with childhood obesity.
conclusionsAmong preschool children from low-income families, neighborhood homicide rate was associated with more obesity and street tree density was associated with less obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.