ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2013
Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of an autocrine prolactin loop enhancing inflammatory response in monocytes.
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Systemic Stress to Ovarian Failure: Heat Stress-Induced Infertility in Pigs as a Model for Reproductive Dysfunction.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Machine learning analysis of population-wide plasma proteins identifies hormonal biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Systemic and ovarian impacts of heat stress in the porcine model.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Elevated levels of exogenous prolactin promote inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface via the JAK2/STAT5B signaling axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Prolactin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in LPS-Activated SIM-A9 Microglial Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathways Via ERK1/2.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- The brain as a source and a target of prolactin in mammals.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- The Choroid Plexus Is an Alternative Source of Prolactin to the Rat Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Connections between prolactin and ovarian cancer.PloS one · 2021Article
- Effect of pregnancy hormone mixtures on cytokine production and surface marker expression in naïve and LPS-activated THP-1 differentiated monocytes/macrophages.Innate immunity · 2020Article
- Prolactin has a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus.Immunologic research · 2017Article
- Insight into the Endocrine System and the Immune System: A Review of the Inflammatory Role of Prolactin in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- The prolactin receptor is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis synovial tissue and contributes to macrophage activation.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- Prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2015Article
- Neuroendocrine control of photoperiodic changes in immune function.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2015Review
- Caspase-1-mediated cytokine release from gestational tissues, placental, and cord blood.Frontiers in physiology · 2015Article
- Atorvastatin increases lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of tumour necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 in RAW264.7 cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProlactin from pituitary gland helps maintain homeostasis but it is also released in immune cells where its function is not completely understood. Pleiotropic functions of prolactin (PRL) might be mediated by different isoforms of its receptor (PRLr).
methodsThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eventual synthesis of PRL and PRLr isoforms with the inflammatory response in monocytes. We used THP-1 and monocytes isolated from healthy subjects stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot, real time PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to identify both molecules. The bioactivity of the PRL was assessed using a bioassay and ELISA to detect pro inflammatory cytokines.
resultsPRLr mRNA and PRL mRNA were synthesized in THP-1 monocytes activated with LPS with peaks of 300-fold and 130-fold, respectively. The long (100 kDa) and the intermediate (50 kDa) isoforms of PRLr and big PRL (60 kDa) were time-dependent upregulated for monocytes stimulated with LPS. This expression was confirmed in monocytes from healthy subjects. The PRLr intermediate isoform and the big PRL were found soluble in the culture media and later in the nucleus in THP-1 monocytes stimulated with LPS. Big PRL released by monocytes showed bioactivity in Nb2 Cells, and both PRL and PRLr, synthesized by monocytes were related with levels of nitrites and proinflammatory citokines.
conclusionsOur results suggest the expression of a full-autocrine loop of PRL enhances the inflammatory response in activated monocytes. This response mediated by big PRL may contribute to the eradication of potential pathogens during innate immune response in monocytes but may also contribute to inflammatory disorders.
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Registered trials
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