ReviewVeterinary research2013
Pathology and tissue tropism of natural West Nile virus infection in birds: a review.
Review in Veterinary research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-warning surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in wetland and larval habitat waters and in mosquito excreta using digital PCR.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Fatal West Nile Encephalomyelitis in a Young Woman with Hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's Syndrome. Molecular Insights into Viral Neuro-Invasivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Low motivation drives poor performance of infected, anorexic crows on a string-pulling task.Animal cognition · 2025Article
- Quantifying vector diversion effects in zoonotic systems: A modelling framework for arbovirus transmission between reservoir and dead-end hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Indication of West Nile Virus (WNV) Lineage 2 Overwintering among Wild Birds in the Regions of Peloponnese and Western Greece.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe.Nature communications · 2023Article
- West Nile Virus Occurrence and Ecological Niche Modeling in Wild Bird Species and Mosquito Vectors: An Active Surveillance Program in the Peloponnese Region of Greece.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Domestic Geese after Experimental Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- West Nile and Usutu Virus Introduction via Migratory Birds: A Retrospective Analysis in Italy.Viruses · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus in Common Wild Avian Species in Israel.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal.Communications biology · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus Lineage 1 in Italy: Newly Introduced or a Re-Occurrence of a Previously Circulating Strain?Viruses · 2021Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- First neuroinvasive human case of West Nile Disease in Southern Italy: Results of the 'One Health' approach.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Sentinel serosurveillance of backyard hens proved West Nile virus circulation in the western provinces of Turkey.Veterinary medicine and science · 2021Article
- Pathology and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Blackbirds (Viruses · 2021Article
- West Nile Virus in Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetic Characterization of a Neurovirulent West Nile Virus Variant Associated with a Fatal Great Grey Owl Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally distributed arthropod-borne flavivirus capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrates, with birds as its natural reservoir. Although it had been considered a pathogen of little importance for birds, from the 1990's, and especially after its introduction in the North American continent in 1999, thousands of birds have succumbed to West Nile infection. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and pathology of WNV infection in birds highlighting differences in lesion and antigen distribution and severity among bird orders and families. Despite significant species differences in susceptibility to infection, WNV associated lesions and viral antigen are present in the majority of organs of infected birds. The non-progressive, acute or more prolonged course of the disease accounts for part of the differences in lesion and viral antigen distribution and lesion severity. Most likely a combination of host variables and environmental factors in addition to the intrinsic virulence and pathogenicity of the infecting WNV strain influence the pathogenesis of the infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.