ArticleAIDS (London, England)2013
Treatment failure and drug resistance is more frequent in HIV-1 subtype D versus subtype A-infected Ugandans over a 10-year study period.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Per-pathogen virulence of HIV-1 subtypes A, C and D.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- We should not stop considering HIV drug resistance testing at failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy.The lancet. HIV · 2023Review
- In Vitro Susceptibility of HIV Isolates with High Growth Capability to Antiretroviral Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- High-level resistance to bictegravir and cabotegravir in subtype A- and D-infected HIV-1 patients failing raltegravir with multiple resistance mutations.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Addressing an HIV cure in LMIC.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Rates of HIV-1 virological suppression and patterns of acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D.Journal of ginseng research · 2019Article
- First-line HIV treatment failures in non-B subtypes and recombinants: a cross-sectional analysis of multiple populations in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- HIV-1 second-line failure and drug resistance at high-level and low-level viremia in Western Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Successes and challenges in optimizing the viral load cascade to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence and rationalize second-line switches in Swaziland.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Absence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Supports the Use of Dolutegravir in Uganda.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Sensitive detection of HIV-1 resistance to Zidovudine and impact on treatment outcomes in low- to middle-income countries.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2017Article
- Observational
- HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Decreased emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in a cohort of Ugandan women initiating option B+ for PMTCT.PloS one · 2017Article
- Infecting HIV-1 Subtype Predicts Disease Progression in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa.EBioMedicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the impact of HIV-1 subtype on treatment outcomes and the emergence of drug resistance in the resource limited setting of Kampala, Uganda.
designThe Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda has provided over 2000 drug-resistant genotypes (DRGs) over the past 10 years as standard of care for patients failing therapy and 1403 from treatment-naive and experienced patients over the past 10 years have been analyzed for this study.
methodViral loads, CD4 cell count, treatment histories and other relevant clinical data was compared with the infecting HIV-1 subtype and DRGs of Ugandan patients failing treatment.
resultsPatients failing HAART with DRGs (n = 937) were more frequently infected with subtype D than expected on the basis of the subtype distribution in the treatment-naive population (n = 655) in Kampala (P < 0.001). Higher proportions of treatment failures among subtype D-infected patients were driven by resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) (P < 0.0002) more than to non-NRTIs (P > 0.04) or protease inhibitors.
conclusionHigher rates of treatment failure among subtype D as compared with subtype A-infected Ugandans was analogous to the faster disease progression in subtype D-infected patients. The mechanism(s) by which drug resistance may emerge faster in subtype D HIV-1 may relate to higher replicative fitness and increased propensity for a CXCR4 tropism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.