ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2013
Expanding the environment: gene × school-level SES interaction on reading comprehension.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cross-Study Differences in the Etiology of Reading Comprehension: a Meta-Analytical Review of Twin Studies.Behavior genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Dyslexia Polygenic Index and Socio-Economic Status Interaction Effects on Reading Skills in Australia and the United Kingdom.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Gene-environment interaction analysis of school quality and educational inequality.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Gene x Environment Interaction on Verbal Intelligence Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood.Behavior genetics · 2023Article
- Differential effects and success stories of distance education in Covid-19 lockdowns on the development of reading comprehension in primary schools.Reading and writing · 2023Article
- Text Comprehension Analyses to Improve Assessment Accuracy: Demonstration Using Gambling Disorder Screening.Journal of gambling studies · 2022Article
- A population-wide gene-environment interaction study on how genes, schools, and residential areas shape achievement.NPJ science of learning · 2022Article
- Mother-child similarity in brain morphology: A comparison of structural characteristics of the brain's reading network.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- Factors influencing secondary school students' reading literacy: An analysis based on XGBoost and SHAP methods.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Differential Patterns of Growth in Reading and Math Skills during Elementary School.Journal of educational psychology · 2021Article
- Early classroom reading gains moderate shared environmental influences on reading comprehension in adolescence.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Article
- Effect of READ1 on latent profiles of reading disorder and comorbid attention and language impairment subtypes.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Associations Among Reading-Related Skills and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study.Child development · 2018Article
- Control Engagement During Sentence and Inhibition fMRI Tasks in Children With Reading Difficulties.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2018Article
- Genetic variation interacts with experience to determine interindividual differences in learned song.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- A molecular-genetic and imaging-genetic approach to specific comprehension difficulties in children.NPJ science of learning · 2018Article
- Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Neuropsychology of Learning Disabilities: The Past and the Future.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2017Review
- Genetic and environmental influences on early literacy skills across school grade contexts.Developmental science · 2017Article
- The Relationship between SES and Reading Comprehension in Chinese: A Mediation Model.Frontiers in psychology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2014
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluential work has explored the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as an environmental moderator of genetic and environmental influences on cognitive outcomes. This work has provided evidence that socioeconomic circumstances differentially impact the heritability of cognitive abilities, generally supporting the bioecological model in that genetic influences are greater at higher levels of family SES. The present work expanded consideration of the environment, using school-level SES as a moderator of reading comprehension.
methodsThe sample included 577 pairs of twins from the Florida Twin Project on Reading, Behavior and Environment. Reading comprehension was measured by the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test (FCAT) Reading in third or fourth grade. School-level SES was measured by the mean Free and Reduced Lunch Status (FRLS) of the schoolmates of the twins.
resultsThe best-fitting univariate G × E moderation model indicated greater genetic influences on reading comprehension when fewer schoolmates qualified for FRLS (i.e., 'higher' school-level SES). There was also an indication of moderation of the shared environment; there were greater shared environmental influences on reading comprehension at higher school-level SES.
conclusionsThe results supported the bioecological model; greater genetic variance was found in school environments in which student populations experienced less poverty. In general, 'higher' school-level SES allowed genetic and probably shared environmental variance to contribute as sources of individual differences in reading comprehension outcomes. Poverty suppresses these influences.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.