ArticlePloS one2013
Natural killer cell receptor genes in the family Equidae: not only Ly49.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress on the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Herbivores: Structure, Genetics, and Disease Resistance.Biology · 2026Review
- Innate Immunity Toll-Like Triad TLR6-1-10 and Its Diversity in Distinct Horse Breeds.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Twelve toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in the family Equidae - comparative genomics, selection and evolution.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of the Natural Killer Complex in carnivores.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Placing human gene families into their evolutionary context.Human genomics · 2022Review
- Comparative Genomics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) of Felids.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Genetic diversity, evolution and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRB and DQB loci in the family Equidae.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- A genome-wide scan for candidate lethal variants in Thoroughbred horses.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Associations between the presence of specific antibodies to the West Nile Virus infection and candidate genes in Romanian horses from the Danube delta.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- The evolution of the natural killer complex; a comparison between mammals using new high-quality genome assemblies and targeted annotation.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- The evolution of natural killer cell receptors.Immunogenetics · 2016Review
- Co-evolution of MHC class I and variable NK cell receptors in placental mammals.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- Definition of the cattle killer cell Ig-like receptor gene family: comparison with aurochs and human counterparts.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in immunity. NK recognition in mammals can be mediated through killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and/or killer cell lectin-like Ly49 receptors. Genes encoding highly variable NK cell receptors (NKR) represent rapidly evolving genomic regions. No single conservative model of NKR genes was observed in mammals. Single-copy low polymorphic NKR genes present in one mammalian species may expand into highly polymorphic multigene families in other species. In contrast to other non-rodent mammals, multiple Ly49-like genes appear to exist in the horse, while no functional KIR genes were observed in this species. In this study, Ly49 and KIR were sought and their evolution was characterized in the entire family Equidae. Genomic sequences retrieved showed the presence of at least five highly conserved polymorphic Ly49 genes in horses, asses and zebras. These findings confirmed that the expansion of Ly49 occurred in the entire family. Several KIR-like sequences were also identified in the genome of Equids. Besides a previously identified non-functional KIR-Immunoglobulin-like transcript fusion gene (KIR-ILTA) and two putative pseudogenes, a KIR3DL-like sequence was analyzed. In contrast to previous observations made in the horse, the KIR3DL sequence, genomic organization and mRNA expression suggest that all Equids might produce a functional KIR receptor protein molecule with a single non-mutated immune tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) domain. No evidence for positive selection in the KIR3DL gene was found. Phylogenetic analysis including rhinoceros and tapir genomic DNA and deduced amino acid KIR-related sequences showed differences between families and even between species within the order Perissodactyla. The results suggest that the order Perissodactyla and its family Equidae with expanded Ly49 genes and with a potentially functional KIR gene may represent an interesting model for evolutionary biology of NKR genes.
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