ArticlePloS one2013
Stress relaxation analysis facilitates a quantitative approach towards antimicrobial penetration into biofilms.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of the cleaning performance of commercial orthodontic cleaning tablets regarding biofilm removal on PMMA test specimens : An ex vivo study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
- Effects of phosphate and silicate on stiffness and viscoelasticity of mature biofilms developed with simulated drinking water.Biofouling · 2023Article
- The response of dual-species bacterial biofilm to 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with etidronic acid: A laboratory real-time evaluation using optical coherence tomography.International endodontic journal · 2022Article
- The dental plaque biofilm matrix.Periodontology 2000 · 2021Review
- Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach.International endodontic journal · 2021Article
- Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules.International endodontic journal · 2021Article
- Titanium Nanotube Modified With Silver Cross-Linked Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Improves Osteoblastic Activities of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Antibacterial Effect.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- The influence of time and irrigant refreshment on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals.International endodontic journal · 2020Article
- Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles improve diffusion in biofilms of antimicrobial agents for wound care.Biofilm · 2019Article
- Chemical efficacy of several NaOCl concentrations on biofilms of different architecture: new insights on NaOCl working mechanisms.International endodontic journal · 2019Article
- Factors affecting the chemical efficacy of 2% sodium hypochlorite against oral steady-state dual-species biofilms: Exposure time and volume application.International endodontic journal · 2019Article
- Role of Viscoelasticity in Bacterial Killing by Antimicrobials in Differently GrownAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Towards standardized mechanical characterization of microbial biofilms: analysis and critical review.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2018Review
- Extracellular Polymeric Matrix Production and Relaxation under Fluid Shear and Mechanical Pressure in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Devices for In situ Development of Non-disturbed Oral Biofilm. A Systematic Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Chemical Signals and Mechanosensing in Bacterial Responses to Their Environment.PLoS pathogens · 2015Review
- Viscoelasticity of biofilms and their recalcitrance to mechanical and chemical challenges.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- The intraoral device of overlaid disk-holding splints as a new in situ oral biofilm model.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2015Article
- Static biofilm removal around ultrasonic tips in vitro.Clinical oral investigations · 2014Article
- Antimicrobial penetration in a dual-species oral biofilm after noncontact brushing: an in vitro study.Clinical oral investigations · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections can develop everywhere in the human body and are rarely cleared by the host immune system. Moreover, biofilms are often tolerant to antimicrobials, due to a combination of inherent properties of bacteria in their adhering, biofilm mode of growth and poor physical penetration of antimicrobials through biofilms. Current understanding of biofilm recalcitrance toward antimicrobial penetration is based on qualitative descriptions of biofilms. Here we hypothesize that stress relaxation of biofilms will relate with antimicrobial penetration. Stress relaxation analysis of single-species oral biofilms grown in vitro identified a fast, intermediate and slow response to an induced deformation, corresponding with outflow of water and extracellular polymeric substances, and bacterial re-arrangement, respectively. Penetration of chlorhexidine into these biofilms increased with increasing relative importance of the slow and decreasing importance of the fast relaxation element. Involvement of slow relaxation elements suggests that biofilm structures allowing extensive bacterial re-arrangement after deformation are more open, allowing better antimicrobial penetration. Involvement of fast relaxation elements suggests that water dilutes the antimicrobial upon penetration to an ineffective concentration in deeper layers of the biofilm. Next, we collected biofilms formed in intra-oral collection devices bonded to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary first molars of human volunteers. Ex situ chlorhexidine penetration into two weeks old in vivo formed biofilms followed a similar dependence on the importance of the fast and slow relaxation elements as observed for in vitro formed biofilms. This study demonstrates that biofilm properties can be derived that quantitatively explain antimicrobial penetration into a biofilm.
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