SynthesisPloS one2013
Systematic review of antiretroviral-associated lipodystrophy: lipoatrophy, but not central fat gain, is an antiretroviral adverse drug reaction.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- VV116 versus Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- CYP2B6 Genotype and Weight Gain Differences Between Dolutegravir and Efavirenz.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Article
- Transcriptional response to combination antiretroviral therapy predicts side effects and novel targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Metabolic, Mitochondrial, and Inflammatory Effects of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Asymptomatic Antiretroviral-Naïve People with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Navigating Lipodystrophy: Insights from Laminopathies and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Weight Gain After HIV Therapy Initiation: Pathophysiology and Implications.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024 · on this mapReview
- The Influence of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Activity, Lipid Content, and Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Levels in Microglial HMC3 Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Body Composition Changes Over the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Development and usability of a feedback tool, "My Personal Brain Health Dashboard", to improve setting of self-management goals among people living with HIV in Canada.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- The effect of eligibility for antiretroviral therapy on body mass index and blood pressure in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cellular Mechanism Underlying Highly-Active or Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Lipodystrophy: Atazanavir, a Protease Inhibitor, Compromises Adipogenic Conversion of Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells through Accelerating ER Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Differentiating Adipocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir With Boosted Darunavir in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV-1: A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 3, Noninferiority Trial: The DUALIS Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Body composition with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: from basics to new tools.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2020Review
- HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- Association between lipodystrophy and length of exposure to ARTs in adult HIV-1 infected patients in Montreal.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Structural and pharmacological evaluation of a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor as a promising long acting nanoformulation for treating HIV.Antiviral research · 2019Article
- The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLipoatrophy and/or central fat gain are observed frequently in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Both are assumed to be antiretroviral adverse drug reactions.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review to determine whether fat loss or gain was more common in HIV-infected patients on ART than in uninfected controls; was associated with specific antiretrovirals; and would reverse after switching antiretrovirals.
resultsTwenty-seven studies met our inclusion criteria. One cohort study reported more lipoatrophy, less subcutaneous fat gain, but no difference in central fat gain in HIV-infected patients on ART than in controls. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed more limb fat loss (or less fat gain) with the following regimens: stavudine (versus other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)); efavirenz (versus protease inhibitors (PIs)); and NRTI-containing (versus NRTI-sparing). RCTs showed increased subcutaneous fat after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens or from stavudine/zidovudine to abacavir/tenofovir. There were no significant between-group differences in trunk and/or visceral fat gain in RCTs of various regimens, but results from efavirenz versus PI regimens were inconsistent. There was no significant between-group differences in central fat gain in RCTs switched to NRTI-sparing regimens, or from PI-containing regimens.
conclusionsThere is clear evidence of a causal relationship between NRTIs (especially thymidine analogues) and lipoatrophy, with concomitant PIs possibly having an ameliorating effect or efavirenz causing additive toxicity. By contrast, central fat gain appears to be a consequence of treating HIV infection, because it is not different from controls, is not linked to any antiretroviral class, and doesn't improve on switching.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.