ArticleStroke2013
Stroke patients develop antibodies that react with components of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 in proportion to lesion size.
Article in Stroke, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibodies against neuronal surface antigens in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuronal autoantibodies associated with poorer neuropsychological and motor outcomes 6 months after stroke: results from the PHYS-STROKE trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Monocyte, neutrophil, and whole blood transcriptome dynamics following ischemic stroke.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Responses After Ischemic Stroke.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Blood Biomarkers for Triaging Patients for Suspected Stroke: Every Minute Counts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Platelet-Reactive Antibodies in Patients after Ischaemic Stroke-An Epiphenomenon or a Natural Protective Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Interaction of microglia with infiltrating immune cells in the different phases of stroke.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Review
- The Local and Peripheral Immune Responses to Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Development.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Antigen-Dependent T Cell Response to Neural Peptides After Human Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Antibodies against neural antigens in patients with acute stroke: joint results of three independent cohort studies.Journal of neurology · 2019Article
- Elevated serum anti-NMDA receptor antibody levels in first-episode patients with schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
- High-Throughput Profiling of Circulating Antibody Signatures for Stroke Diagnosis Using Small Volumes of Whole Blood.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2019Article
- Autoimmunity After Ischemic Stroke and Brain Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Emerging Role of Immunity in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Does B lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity contribute to post-stroke dementia?Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2017Review
- The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises.American journal of hematology · 2017Review
- Strain-Related Differences in the Immune Response: Relevance to Human Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2016Review
- Antibodies to myelin basic protein are associated with cognitive decline after stroke.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeAntibodies against neuronal antigens develop in patients after stroke and some may serve as biomarkers of neuronal injury. We aimed to determine whether antibodies against subunit 1 (GluN1) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor also develop after stroke and if so, whether they correlate with stroke characteristics.
methodsForty-eight patients with ischemic stroke and 96 healthy controls were tested for the presence of serum antibodies targeting GluN1. Testing was conducted using 20-kDa recombinant GluN1-S2 peptide (by ELISA and Western blotting) and on rat brain tissue (by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry). Clinical examinations and computed tomographic brain scans were performed to assess clinical state and infarct size and location.
resultsOf the 48 patients with ischemic stroke, 21 (44%) had antibodies that reacted with the recombinant GluN1-S2. There was no evidence of antibody binding to intact GluN1 in brain tissue. Western blot appearances suggested reactivity with GluN1 degradation products. Patients with anti-GluN1-S2 antibodies were more likely to have higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, larger infarcts, and more frequent cortical involvement. Of the 96 controls, only 3 (3%), all aged>50 years, had antibodies that reacted with GluN1-S2 at low levels.
conclusionsAntibodies that bind recombinant GluN1-S2 peptides (but not the intact GluN1 protein) develop transiently in patients after stroke in proportion to infarct size, suggesting that these antibodies are raised secondarily to neuronal damage. The anti-GluN1-S2 antibodies may provide useful information about the presence and severity of cerebral infarction. This will require confirmation in larger studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.