ArticlePediatric cardiology2013
Effects of race, ethnicity, and gender on surgical mortality in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated systematic review of the impact of volume of surgery and specialization in Norwood procedure.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis on sex differences in mortality and neurodevelopment in congenital heart defects.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The Association of Race and Ethnicity with Mortality in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Disparities in Mortality Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A NEPHRON Study Analysis.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Trends and regional disparities in hypoplastic left heart syndrome prevalence and mortality in the USA: a nationwide study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in U.S. Children: A 20-Year Look at Lives Lost and Gaps That Remain.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Single Ventricle Infant Deaths Without Transplant Referral: Room for Improvement?Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Surgical pathways and risk categories in the management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and variants.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- Does universal insurance influence disparities in high-quality hospital use for inpatient pediatric congenital heart defect care within the first year of diagnosis?BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Distance from home to birth hospital, transfer, and mortality in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in California.Birth defects research · 2022Article
- Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Mitigating Health Disparities Across the Lifespan in Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Review
- Development of a national dataset for geospatial analysis of congenital heart disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Ethical issues after pre-natal diagnosis.Translational pediatrics · 2021Review
- Timing of Transfer and Mortality in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in California.Pediatric cardiology · 2021Article
- The Improved Prognosis of Hypoplastic Left Heart: A Population-Based Register Study of 343 Cases in England and Wales.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Postoperative mortality in New Zealand following general anaesthetic: demographic patterns and temporal trends.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.Pediatric cardiology · 2020Article
- Racial Minority Families' Preferences for Communication in Pediatric Intensive Care Often Overlooked.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2020Article
- Outcomes of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: analysis of National Inpatient Sample Database 1998-2004 versus 2005-2014.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Information is limited regarding the effect of race, ethnicity, and gender on the outcomes of the three palliative procedures for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). This study examined the effects of race, ethnicity, gender, type of admission, and surgical volume on in-hospital mortality associated with palliative procedures for HLHS between 1998 and 2007 using data from the University HealthSystem Consortium. According to the data, 1,949 patients underwent stage 1 palliation (S1P) with a mortality rate of 29 %, 1,279 patients underwent stage 2 palliations (S2P) with a mortality rate of 5.4 %, and 1,084 patients underwent stage 3 palliation (S3P) with a mortality rate of 4.1 %. The risk factors for increased mortality with S1P were black and "other" race, smaller surgical volume, and early surgical era. The only risk factors for increased mortality with S2P were black race (11 % mortality; odds ratio [OR], 3.19; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.69-6.02) and Hispanic ethnicity (11 % mortality; OR 3.30; 95 % CI 1.64-6.64). For S2P, no racial differences were seen in the top five surgical volume institutions, but racial differences were seen in the non-top-five surgical volume institutions. Mortality with S1P was significantly higher for patients discharged after birth (37 vs 24 %; p = 0.004), and blacks were more likely to be discharged after birth (12 vs 5 % for all other races; p < 0.001). No racial differences with S3P were observed. The risk factors for increased mortality at S1P were black and "other" race, smaller surgical volume, and early surgical era. The risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality with S2P were black race and Hispanic ethnicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.