ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2013
The influence of 13-cis retinoic acid on human meibomian gland epithelial cells.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Harms of Ocular and Periorbital Topical Vitamin A Application: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Oral Vitamin Supplementation in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- An Eyelid Warming Device for the Management of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of optometryTrial
- Highlighting Ophthalmic Adverse Effects Associated with Isotretinoin.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Photothermal-Responsive Soluble Microneedle Patches for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Diurnal rhythm-modulated transcriptome analysis of meibomian gland in hyperlipidemic mice using RNA sequencing.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease: Considerations for Clinical Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Oral Isotretinoin-Associated Ocular Effects and Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Oral Azithromycin versus Oral Doxycycline in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of Lumify Eye Illuminations Cosmetic Products.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Using machine learning model explanations to identify proteins related to severity of meibomian gland dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Isotretinoin Impairs the Secretory Function of Meibomian Gland Via the PPARγ Signaling Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Expression of Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2) by human and rabbit meibomian glands and meibocytes.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Hyperkeratinization and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Meibomian Glands Induced by Staphylococcus aureus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- High-Fat Diet Induces Inflammation of Meibomian Gland.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- A review of meibography for a refractive surgeon.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a primary cause of dry eye disease. One of the risk factors for MGD is exposure to 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), a metabolite of vitamin A. However, the mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesize that 13-cis RA inhibits cell proliferation, promotes cell death, alters gene and protein expressions, and attenuates cell survival pathways in human meibomian gland epithelial cells.
methodsTo test our hypotheses, immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells were cultured with or without 13-cis RA for varying doses and time. Cell proliferation, cell death, gene expression, and proteins involved in proliferation/survival and inflammation were evaluated.
resultsWe found that 13-cis RA inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell death, and significantly altered the expression of 6726 genes, including those involved in cell proliferation, cell death, differentiation, keratinization, and inflammation, in human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Further, 13-cis RA also reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and increased the generation of interleukin-1β and matrix metallopeptidase 9.
conclusionsExposure to 13-cis RA inhibits cell proliferation, increases cell death, alters gene expression, changes signaling pathways, and promotes inflammatory mediator and protease expression in meibomian gland epithelial cells. These effects may be responsible, at least in part, for the 13-cis RA-related induction of MGD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.