ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis2014
Screening of synthetic PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues as adulterants: analytical techniques and challenges.
Review in Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-Analytical Strategies to Tackle "Medicines in Disguise" Presented as Food Supplements, a New Threat for Human Health.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- UPLC-MS/MS-Based Target Screening of 90 Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors in 5 Dietary Supplements.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Adulteration of Brain Health (Cognitive, Mood, and Sleep Enhancement) Food Supplements by the Addition of Pharmaceutical Drugs: A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches and Trends.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A novel vardenafil analog in a healthcare product: Preparation, characterization, and quantification.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors (PDE-5) in Dietary Supplements.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and Health Aspects of Food Adulteration: A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Application of Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Quality Assessment of Dietary Supplements-A Case Study of Tryptophan Supplements: Release Assay, Targeted and Untargeted Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Contribution of sewage to occurrence of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in natural water.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Diketopiperazine-Based, Flexible Tadalafil Analogues: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Biological Activity Profile.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Rapid Screening and Quantitative Determination of Illegal Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors (PDE-5i) in Herbal Dietary Supplements.Journal of analytical methods in chemistry · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Function as a Potential Tool for Assessing Function, Quality and Adulteration in Medicinal Herbal Teas.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- A synthetic mimic of phosphodiesterase type 5 based on corona phase molecular recognition of single-walled carbon nanotubes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) characterisation of sildenafil based products seized on the Italian illegal market.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2019Article
- Simultaneous analysis of 23 illegal adulterated aphrodisiac chemical ingredients in health foods and Chinese traditional patent medicines by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2018Article
- Retrospective Study of Reported Adverse Events Due to Complementary Health Products in Singapore From 2010 to 2016.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Article
- Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity Is Attenuated by Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2015Article
- Isolation and structural characterization of a new tadalafil analog (2-hydroxyethylnortadalafil) found in a dietary supplement.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2015Article
- Dietary supplements quality analysis tools from the United States Pharmacopeia.Drug testing and analysisArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The popularity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has led to the increase in prevalence of illicit sexual performance enhancement products. PDE-5 inhibitors, namely sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, and their unapproved designer analogues are being increasingly used as adulterants in the herbal products and health supplements marketed for sexual performance enhancement. To date, more than 50 unapproved analogues of prescription PDE-5 inhibitors were found as adulterants in the literature. To avoid detection of such adulteration by standard screening protocols, the perpetrators of such illegal products are investing time and resources to synthesize exotic analogues and devise novel means for adulteration. A comprehensive review of conventional and advance analytical techniques to detect and characterize the adulterants is presented. The rapid identification and structural elucidation of unknown analogues as adulterants is greatly enhanced by the wide myriad of analytical techniques employed, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (LC-FT-ICR-MS), liquid chromatograph-hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer with information dependent acquisition, ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS), ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) and immunoassay methods. The many challenges in detecting and characterizing such adulterants, and the need for concerted effort to curb adulteration in order to safe guard public safety and interest are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.