ArticleJournal of virology2013
Functional characterization of the alphavirus TF protein.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed.
- The pathogenicity and virulence of Sindbis virus.Virulence · 2026Review
- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Review
- Integrated phenotypic screening and chemical proteomics identifies ETF1 ligands that modulate viral translation and replication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The role of chikungunya virus capsid-viral RNA interactions in programmed ribosomal frameshifting.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A Review of the Biology of Chikungunya Virus Highlighting the Development of Current Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- γδ T Cells Mediate Protective Immunity Following Vaccination with an Insect-Based Chikungunya Fever Vaccine in Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determinants of human versus mosquito cell entry by the Chikungunya virus envelope proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Live Imaging and Interactome Analysis of Zika and Chikungunya Viral RNAs Via Dual-Action Aptamer Tag.Research square · 2025Article
- Functional RNA Elements in Alphavirus Genomes.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Advances in Viroporin Function and Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Alphavirus 6K with Well-Characterized Viroporins.Viruses · 2025Review
- A detailed kinetic model of Eastern equine encephalitis virus replication in a susceptible host cell.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of chikungunya virus.Virulence · 2024Review
- Emergence of ECSA-IOL E1-K211E/E2-V264A Lineage of Chikungunya virus during Malaysian 2021 outbreak.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mayaro Virus: An Emerging Alphavirus in the Americas.Viruses · 2024Review
- Attenuation of neurovirulence of chikungunya virus by a single amino acid mutation in viral E2 envelope protein.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Article
- Research trends on alphavirus receptors: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Cell fusing agent virus isolated from Aag2 cells does not vertically transmit in Aedes aegypti via artificial infection.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- A molecular understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody protection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alphavirus dogma has long dictated the production of a discrete set of structural proteins during infection of a cell: capsid, pE2, 6K, and E1. However, bioinformatic analyses of alphavirus genomes (A. E. Firth, B. Y. Chung, M. N. Fleeton, and J. F. Atkins, Virol. J. 5:108, 2008) suggested that a ribosomal frameshifting event occurs during translation of the alphavirus structural polyprotein. Specifically, a frameshift event is suggested to occur during translation of the 6K gene, yielding production of a novel protein, termed transframe (TF), comprised of a C-terminal extension of the 6K protein in the -1 open reading frame (ORF). Here, we validate the findings of Firth and colleagues with respect to the production of the TF protein and begin to characterize the function of TF. Using a mass spectrometry-based approach, we identified TF in purified preparations of both Sindbis and Chikungunya virus particles. We next constructed a panel of Sindbis virus mutants with mutations which alter the production, size, or sequence of TF. We demonstrate that TF is not absolutely required in culture, although disrupting TF production leads to a decrease in virus particle release in both mammalian and insect cells. In a mouse neuropathogenesis model, mortality was <15% in animals infected with the TF mutants, whereas mortality was 95% in animals infected with the wild-type virus. Using a variety of additional assays, we demonstrate that TF retains ion-channel activity analogous to that of 6K and that lack of production of TF does not affect genome replication, particle infectivity, or envelope protein transit to the cell surface. The TF protein therefore represents a previously uncharacterized factor important for alphavirus assembly.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.