SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2013
Adjunctive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Siltuximab in Schizophrenia
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Tocilizumab in Schizophrenia
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Early-Stage Psychotic Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Relationships Between Immune-Inflammatory Features and Social Cognitive Impairments in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Immune and oxidative stress biomarkers in pediatric psychosis and psychosis-risk: Meta-analyses and systematic review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Pooled it
- Adjunctive agents to antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic umbrella review and recommendations for amino acids, hormonal therapies and anti-inflammatory drugs.BMJ mental health · 2023Pooled it
- Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Pooled it
- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?Psychopharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents to improve symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: an update.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2014Pooled it
- The Role of Total White Blood Cell Count in Antipsychotic Treatment for Patients with Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Trial
- Adjunctive Aspirin vs Placebo in Patients With Schizophrenia: Results of Two Randomized Controlled Trials.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Trial
- Stratification and prediction of remission in first-episode psychosis patients: the OPTiMiSE cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2019Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Tocilizumab, An Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody, For Residual Symptoms in Schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications for schizophrenia and neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and psychotic disorders: integrating mechanistic, genetic, and clinical evidence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- PET Imaging Unveils Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders: From Microglial Activation to Therapeutic Innovation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Add-On Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia: Does It Improve Long-Term Outcomes? A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Procognitive effects of methyl 2-amino-3-methoxybenzoate (or daopine) may involve the dorsal striatal anthranilic acid pathway and mutimetabolite-multitarget pharmacology.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo meta-analytically assess the efficacy and tolerability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vs placebo in schizophrenia.
methodSearching PubMed, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, and the US National Institute of Mental Health clinical trials registry from database inception to December 31, 2012, we conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled studies assessing the efficacy of adjunctive NSAIDs. Primary outcome was the change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Secondary outcomes included change in PANSS positive and negative subscores, all-cause discontinuation, and tolerability outcomes. Random effects, pooled, standardized mean changes (Hedges' g) and risk ratios were calculated.
resultsAcross 8 studies, including 3 unpublished reports (n = 774), the mean effect size for PANSS total score was -0.236 (95% CI: -0.484 to 0.012, P = .063, I(2) = 60.6%), showing only trend-level superiority for NSAIDs over placebo. The mean effect sizes for the PANSS positive and negative scores were -0.189 (95% CI: -0.373 to -0.005, P = .044) and -0.026 (95% CI: -0.169 to 0.117, P = .72), respectively. The relative risk for all-cause discontinuation was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.794 to 1.599, P = .503). Significant superiority of NSAIDs over placebo regarding PANSS total scores was moderated by aspirin treatment (N = 2, P = .017), inpatient status (N = 4, P = .029), first-episode status (N = 2, P = .048), and (in meta-regression analyses) lower PANSS negative subscores (N = 6, P = .026).
interpretationThese results indicate that adjunctive NSAIDs for schizophrenia may not benefit patients treated with first-line antipsychotics judged by PANSS total score change. NSAIDs may have benefits for positive symptoms, but the effect was minimal/small. However, due to a limited database, further controlled studies are needed, especially in first-episode patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.