ReviewComprehensive Physiology2013
Renal ammonia metabolism and transport.
Review in Comprehensive Physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of multi-ingredient intra- versus extra-cellular buffering supplementation combined with branched-chain amino acids and creatine on exercise-induced ammonia blood concentration and aerobic capacity in taekwondo athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Trial
- Sex differences in renal acid-base regulation.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026Review
- Localized Intratumoral Ammonium Hydroxide Administration Demonstrates Changes in Tumor Architecture and Renal Response in a Murine Breast Cancer Xenograft Model.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- From Waste to Value: Urine and Ash as Sustainable Sources for Green Ammonia and Calcium Phosphate Fertilizers.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic NHScientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlation of urine ammonia excretion with renal function in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of a bioartificial kidney loaded with functional renal tubular cells in a Bama miniature pig model of acute renal failure.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Ammonia in cancer: dual roles and therapeutic strategies.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Ammonia transport mediated by urea transporter A isoforms.Biology open · 2025Article
- Lack of a role of NHE4 in renal ammonia metabolism.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- The physiological characteristics of inward rectifying potassium channel Kir4.2 and its research progress in human diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Role of KThe American journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- A Urine pH-Ammonium Acid/Base Score and CKD Progression.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2024Article
- Future Therapies of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Clinics in liver disease · 2024Review
- Article
- The role of NaPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2024Review
- Urinary Chloride Excretion Postcardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Patients-A Pilot Study.Journal of pediatric intensive care · 2024Article
- Sex differences in renal transporters: assessment and functional consequences.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Renal ammonia metabolism and transport mediates a central role in acid-base homeostasis. In contrast to most renal solutes, the majority of renal ammonia excretion derives from intrarenal production, not from glomerular filtration. Renal ammoniagenesis predominantly results from glutamine metabolism, which produces 2 NH4(+) and 2 HCO3(-) for each glutamine metabolized. The proximal tubule is the primary site for ammoniagenesis, but there is evidence for ammoniagenesis by most renal epithelial cells. Ammonia produced in the kidney is either excreted into the urine or returned to the systemic circulation through the renal veins. Ammonia excreted in the urine promotes acid excretion; ammonia returned to the systemic circulation is metabolized in the liver in a HCO3(-)-consuming process, resulting in no net benefit to acid-base homeostasis. Highly regulated ammonia transport by renal epithelial cells determines the proportion of ammonia excreted in the urine versus returned to the systemic circulation. The traditional paradigm of ammonia transport involving passive NH3 diffusion, protonation in the lumen and NH4(+) trapping due to an inability to cross plasma membranes is being replaced by the recognition of limited plasma membrane NH3 permeability in combination with the presence of specific NH3-transporting and NH4(+)-transporting proteins in specific renal epithelial cells. Ammonia production and transport are regulated by a variety of factors, including extracellular pH and K(+), and by several hormones, such as mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and angiotensin II. This coordinated process of regulated ammonia production and transport is critical for the effective maintenance of acid-base homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.