ArticlePloS one2013
Effects of gestational age at birth on cognitive performance: a function of cognitive workload demands.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01163188 (Social Adjustment and Quality of Life After Very Preterm Birth), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Social Adjustment and Quality of Life After Very Preterm Birth: Risk and Resiliency From Infancy to Adulthood
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decreased amygdala volume in adults after premature birth.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- General cognitive but not mathematic abilities predict very preterm and healthy term born adults' wealth.PloS one · 2019Trial
- The effect of birthweight and gestational age on cognitive function in midlife: the Bogalusa heart study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Cognitive, language and motor developmental patterns of extremely preterm children up to 2 years of age: a descriptive approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The association between early regulatory problems and adult peer relationship quality is mediated by the brain's allostatic-interoceptive system.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Article
- DFC-Igloo: A dynamic functional connectome learning framework for identifying neurodevelopmental biomarkers in very preterm infants.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2024Article
- Executive functioning challenges of adolescents born extremely and very preterm.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Associations of crying, sleeping, and feeding problems in early childhood and perceived social support with emotional disorders in adulthood.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Anxiety in pregnancy and length of gestation: Findings from the healthy babies before birth study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2022Article
- Lower gestational age is associated with lower cortical volume and cognitive and educational performance in adolescence.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- The role of parental education on the relationship between gestational age and school outcomes.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Predictive Validity of the Bayley-III Cognitive Scores at 6 Months for Cognitive Outcomes at 24 Months in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Hippocampal subfield volumes are nonspecifically reduced in premature-born adults.Human brain mapping · 2020Article
- Visual Perception, Fine Motor, and Visual-Motor Skills in Very Preterm and Term-Born Children before School Entry-Observational Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Starting school: educational development as a function of age of entry and prematurity.Archives of disease in childhood · 2020Article
- Training attention control of very preterm infants: protocol for a feasibility study of the Attention Control Training (ACT).Pilot and feasibility studies · 2020Article
- Article
- No evidence for effects of Turkish immigrant children's bilingualism on executive functions.PloS one · 2019Article
- Preterm Birth, Poverty, and Cognitive Development.Pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCognitive deficits have been inconsistently described for late or moderately preterm children but are consistently found in very preterm children. This study investigates the association between cognitive workload demands of tasks and cognitive performance in relation to gestational age at birth.
methodsData were collected as part of a prospective geographically defined whole-population study of neonatal at-risk children in Southern Bavaria. At 8;5 years, n = 1326 children (gestation range: 23-41 weeks) were assessed with the K-ABC and a Mathematics Test.
resultsCognitive scores of preterm children decreased as cognitive workload demands of tasks increased. The relationship between gestation and task workload was curvilinear and more pronounced the higher the cognitive workload: GA² (quadratic term) on low cognitive workload: R² = .02, p<0.001; moderate cognitive workload: R² = .09, p<0.001; and high cognitive workload tasks: R² = .14, p<0.001. Specifically, disproportionally lower scores were found for very (<32 weeks gestation) and moderately (32-33 weeks gestation) preterm children the higher the cognitive workload of the tasks. Early biological factors such as gestation and neonatal complications explained more of the variance in high (12.5%) compared with moderate (8.1%) and low cognitive workload tasks (1.7%).
conclusionsThe cognitive workload model may help to explain variations of findings on the relationship of gestational age with cognitive performance in the literature. The findings have implications for routine cognitive follow-up, educational intervention, and basic research into neuro-plasticity and brain reorganization after preterm birth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.