ArticlePloS one2013
Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Heterogeneity in Estimates of the Impact of Influenza on Population Mortality: A Systematic Review.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Differential antigenic imprinting effects between influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in a mouse model.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Skewed pulmonary innate immune cell composition underlies the delayed influenza clearance in aged mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Disease burden and high-risk populations for complications in patients with acute respiratory infections: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19-Related Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mortality.Infectious disease reports · 2023Article
- Recent Increases in Influenza-Related Hospitalizations, Critical Care Resource Use, and In-Hospital Mortality: A 10-Year Population-Based Study in South Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The "original antigenic sin" and its relevance for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination.Clinical immunology communications · 2021Review
- Review
- Mortality burden from seasonal influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012-2018.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- State-level estimates of excess hospitalizations and deaths associated with influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- COVID-19 and possible links with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: from bench to bedside.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2020Review
- A Complex Dance: Measuring the Multidimensional Worlds of Influenza Virus Evolution and Anti-Influenza Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Determinants of Influenza Mortality Trends: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Influenza Mortality in the United States, 1959-2016.Demography · 2019Article
- Estimating Influenza-associated Mortality in Korea: The 2009-2016 Seasons.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2019Article
- Survival during influenza-associated bacterial superinfection improves following viral- and bacterial-specific monoclonal antibody treatment.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Article
- Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn April 2009, the most recent pandemic of influenza A began. We present the first estimates of pandemic mortality based on the newly-released final data on deaths in 2009 and 2010 in the United States.
methodsWe obtained data on influenza and pneumonia deaths from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Age- and sex-specific death rates, and age-standardized death rates, were calculated. Using negative binomial Serfling-type methods, excess mortality was calculated separately by sex and age groups.
resultsIn many age groups, observed pneumonia and influenza cause-specific mortality rates in October and November 2009 broke month-specific records since 1959 when the current series of detailed US mortality data began. Compared to the typical pattern of seasonal flu deaths, the 2009 pandemic age-specific mortality, as well as influenza-attributable (excess) mortality, skewed much younger. We estimate 2,634 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths in 2009-10; the excess death rate in 2009 was 0.79 per 100,000.
conclusionsPandemic influenza mortality skews younger than seasonal influenza. This can be explained by a protective effect due to antigenic cycling. When older cohorts have been previously exposed to a similar antigen, immune memory results in lower death rates at older ages. Age-targeted vaccination of younger people should be considered in future pandemics.
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