ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2013
Functional diversity of microglia - how heterogeneous are they to begin with?
Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- NADPH oxidases in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2017Pooled it
- Exploring offspring behaviour after prenatal COVID-19 vaccination in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dual CD73/AFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Microglia networks within the tapestry of alzheimer's disease through spatial transcriptomics.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profile of microglia following inflammation-sensitized hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats suggests strong contribution to neutrophil chemotaxis and activation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Tumors and their microenvironments: Learning from pediatric brain pathologies.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2025Review
- Lipid-nanoparticle-induced vacuolization in microglia.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Review
- History of Microglia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Article
- Contralateral Astrocyte Response to Acute Optic Nerve Damage Is Mitigated by PANX1 Channel Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Escalating Bi-Directional Feedback Loops between Proinflammatory Microglia and Mitochondria in Ageing and Post-Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Shear-induced phenotypic transformation of microglia in vitro.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- A breakdown of metabolic reprogramming in microglia induced by CKLF1 exacerbates immune tolerance in ischemic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Microglia and Astrocytes Dysfunction and Key Neuroinflammation-Based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Commonly Overlooked Factors in Biocompatibility Studies of Neural Implants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Microglial Activation Through Physical Exercise in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Characterization of Glial Populations in the Aging and Remyelinating Mouse Corpus Callosum.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- Immunopathology of the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Characterisation of the Mouse Cerebellar Proteome in the GFAP-IL6 Model of Chronic Neuroinflammation.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia serve in the surveillance and maintenance, protection and restoration of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. By their parenchymal location they differ from other CNS-associated myeloid cells, and by origin as well as functional characteristics they are also-at least in part-distinct from extraneural tissue macrophages. Nevertheless, microglia themselves may not comprise a uniform cell type. CNS regions vary by cellular and chemical composition, including white matter (myelin) content, blood-brain barrier properties or prevailing neurotransmitters. Such a micromilieu could instruct as well as require local adaptions of microglial features. Yet even cells within circumscribed populations may reveal some specialization by subtypes, regarding house-keeping duties and functional capacities upon challenges. While diversity of reactive phenotypes has been established still little is known as to whether all activated cells would respond with the same program of induced genes and functions or whether responder subsets have individual contributions. Preferential synthesis of a key cytokine could asign a master control to certain cells among a pool of activated microglia. Critical functions could be sequestered to discrete microglial subtypes in order to avoid interference, such as clearance of endogenous material and presentation of antigens. Indeed, several and especially a number of recent studies provide evidence for the constitutive and reactive heterogeneity of microglia by and within CNS regions. While such a principle of "division of labor" would influence the basic notion of "the" microglia, it could come with the practival value of addressing separate microglia types in experimental and therapeutic manipulations.
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