ArticleAnnals of dermatology2013
Potential Immunoinflammatory Role of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A in Atopic Dermatitis: Immunohistopathological Analysis and in vitro Assay.
Article in Annals of dermatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Perspective on Nasal Microbiota Dysbiosis-Mediated Allergic Rhinitis: From the Mechanism of Immune Microenvironment Remodeling to Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Slightly acidic electrolyzed water inhibits inflammation induced by membrane vesicles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Exploring the Role ofToxins · 2022Review
- Effects of Growth Stage on the Characterization of Enterotoxin A-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Exploring the Role ofToxins · 2019Review
- Antidromic neurogenic activity and cutaneous bacterial flora.Seminars in immunopathology · 2018Review
- Staphylococcus aureus Toxins and Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Role in Pathogenesis and Interest in Diagnosis.Toxins · 2016Review
- The Antistaphylococcal Activity of Citropin 1.1 and Temporin A against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms Formed by Isolates from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: An Assessment of Their Potential to Induce Microbial Resistance Compared to Conventional Antimicrobials.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Detection from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients' Blood and Synovial Fluid.Electronic physician · 2016Article
- Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with diabetic foot ulcers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Atopic dermatitis: allergic dermatitis or neuroimmune dermatitis?Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe underlying mechanism of atopic dermatitis (AD) exacerbated by Staphylococcus aureus has not been established. However, we demonstrated recently that the majority of S. aureus strains colonized in the skin of Korean AD patients carried genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and/or toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).
objectiveTo clarify the role of staphylococcal superantigen, SEA in AD.
methodsWith the lesional skin of 9 AD patients and normal looking skin of one healthy adult, we examined first the expression of SEA, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and TSST-1 using immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, we investigated the effects of SEA on the expression of inflammation-related adhesion molecules and cytokines in human HaCaT keratinocytes and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsStaphylococcal protein A (SPA) and SEA were detected with increased immunoreactivity in AD patients. However, TSST-1 showed mild-to-moderate immunoreactivity in AD patients, whereas SEB was minimally detected. In the double immunofluorescence investigation, SEA and SPA were well co-localized. SEA induced upregulation of adhesion molecules and elicited inflammatory responses in HaCaT keratinocytes and HUVECs.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of SEA as an immunoinflammatory triggering factor of AD in Koreans.
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