ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
HMGA2/TET1/HOXA9 signaling pathway regulates breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 168 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
168 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of a melanoma susceptibility locus and somatic mutation in TET2.Carcinogenesis · 2014Pooled it
- HOXA9 orchestrates EMT and metastasis in oral cancer via transcriptional activation of vimentin and β-catenin signaling.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- HOX gene dysregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms, clinical relevance, and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- TET-mediated 5hmC in breast cancer: mechanism and clinical potential.Epigenetics · 2025Review
- TET1: The epigenetic architect of clinical disease progression.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation of TET1 in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and infertility.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting epigenetic regulators as a promising avenue to overcome cancer therapy resistance.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- CAF-derived exosomal miR-196b-5p after androgen deprivation therapy promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through HOXC8/NF-κB signaling pathway.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Ten-Eleven Translocation Family Proteins: Structure, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Targeted Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Inhibition of HMGA2 binding to AT-rich DNA by its negatively charged C-terminus.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- HOXA9 and CD163 potentiate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- HOXA9 versus HOXB9; particular focus on their controversial role in tumor pathogenesis.Journal of applied genetics · 2024Review
- Review
- Pan-cancer exploration of oncogenic and clinical impacts revealed that HOXA9 is a diagnostic indicator of tumorigenesis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Active DNA Demethylase, TET1, Increases Oxidative Phosphorylation and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells to Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- HOXA9 transcription factor is a double-edged sword: from development to cancer progression.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- The emerging role and mechanism of HMGA2 in breast cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- HOXA9 gene inhibits proliferation and differentiation and promotes apoptosis of bovine preadipocytes.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- mInternational journal of oncology · 2024Article
108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases initiates demethylation of DNA and is associated with tumorigenesis in many cancers; however, the mechanism is mostly unknown. Here we identify upstream activators and downstream effectors of TET1 in breast cancer using human breast cancer cells and a genetically engineered mouse model. We show that depleting the architectural transcription factor high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) induces TET1. TET1 binds and demethylates its own promoter and the promoter of homeobox A (HOXA) genes, enhancing its own expression and stimulating expression of HOXA genes including HOXA7 and HOXA9. Both TET1 and HOXA9 suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis in mouse xenografts. The genes comprising the HMGA2-TET1-HOXA9 pathway are coordinately regulated in breast cancer and together encompass a prognostic signature for patient survival. These results implicate the HMGA2-TET1-HOX signaling pathway in the epigenetic regulation of human breast cancer and highlight the importance of targeting methylation in specific subpopulations as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.