ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2013
Paradoxical oncogenesis--the long-term effects of BRAF inhibition in melanoma.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Considerations for establishing occupational exposure limits for small molecule kinase inhibitors in drug development.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in Second-Line Treatment of Patients With NSCLC: Results From an Expansion Cohort of a Phase 1 Trial.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2020Trial
- Tracking extracellular vesicle phenotypic changes enables treatment monitoring in melanoma.Science advances · 2020Trial
- Targeting Mutant BRAF in Relapsed or Refractory Hairy-Cell Leukemia.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Trial
- Melanoma patients under vemurafenib: prospective follow-up of melanocytic lesions by digital dermoscopy.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2014Trial
- Tempered optimism: Advances in the precision medicine era for pediatric low-grade glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- BRAF Inhibition-Associated Nuclear Remodeling is Linked to Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous adverse effects of targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapy in cancer patients: a national consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Management of adverse events in patients with pediatric low-grade glioma treated with MAPK-directed therapies: Delphi consensus recommendations and unmet needs.Neuro-oncology practice · 2026Article
- MEK inhibition in adult patients with pilocytic astrocytomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- BRAF mutations and targeted therapy in unclassified pericytic tumors: insights from genetic analysis and clinical response.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Cancer Metastasis: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Management of In-transit Disease: Regional Therapies, Intralesional Therapies, and Systemic Therapy.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Recurrent Melanoma in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Presenting with an Apparent Co-Existing NRAS and BRAF Mutation: A Diagnostic and Treatment Conundrum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- BRAF inhibitors enhance erythropoiesis and treat anemia through paradoxical activation of MAPK signaling.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Article
- Precision Oncology and Systemic Targeted Therapy in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Pulmonary BRAF-driven Langerhans cell histiocytosis following selpercatinib use in metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Pediatric low-grade glioma: State-of-the-art and ongoing challenges.Neuro-oncology · 2024Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical benefits of BRAF inhibition in patients with advanced-stage BRAF-mutant melanoma are now well established. Although the emergence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) and secondary melanomas in patients on BRAF-inhibitor therapy have been well described, reports are emerging of additional secondary premalignant and malignant events, including RAS-mutant leukaemia, the metastatic recurrence of RAS-mutant colorectal cancer and the development of gastric and colonic polyps. In most cases, paradoxical MAPK activation--resulting from the BRAF-inhibitor-mediated homodimerization and heterodimerization of nonmutant RAF isoforms--seems to underlie the development of these secondary tumours. Although evidence supports that therapy with the simultaneous administration of BRAF and MEK inhibitors abrogates the onset of treatment-induced SCCs, whether combination treatment will limit the emergence of all BRAF-inhibitor-driven pathologies is unclear. In this Review, we describe the clinical and mechanistic manifestations of secondary cancers that have thus far been observed to arise as a consequence of BRAF inhibition. We discuss the concept of pre-existing populations of partly transformed cells with malignant potential that might be present in various organ systems, and the rationale for novel therapeutic strategies for the management of BRAF-inhibitor-induced neoplasia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.