Trial reportMolecular psychiatry2014
Early responses to deep brain stimulation in depression are modulated by anti-inflammatory drugs.
Trial report in Molecular psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01798407 (A Clinical Pilot Study Examining Bilateral Inhibition of the Lateral Habenula as a Target for Deep Brain Stimulation in Intractable Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Pilot Study Examining Bilateral Inhibition of the Lateral Habenula as a Target for Deep Brain Stimulation in Intractable Depression
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Superolateral medial forebrain bundle deep brain stimulation in major depression: a gateway trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- A longitudinal study on deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle for treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Deep brain stimulation mechanisms in comorbid pain and emotional dysregulation from animal models.iScience · 2026Review
- Deep brain stimulation changes locus coeruleus responses to social stress from activation to inhibition.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- The Targets of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Increased Interleukin-6 Levels in Responders with Treatment-Resistant Depression After Bright Light Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Opportunities and challenges for the use of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of refractory major depression.Discover mental health · 2024Review
- Insertional effect following electrode implantation: an underreported but important phenomenon.Brain communications · 2024Review
- Depression among Patients with an Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device: Uncovering Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Implications for Patient Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation with L-methionine Enhances Cognition through Hippocampal DNA Methylation and Neuroplasticity Mechanisms.Aging and disease · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Obesity, inflammation, and depression in adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Serotonin 5-HTPsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Deep brain stimulation of the "medial forebrain bundle": sustained efficacy of antidepressant effect over years.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Biomarkers for Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Depression.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2022Review
- Deep brain stimulation of the "medial forebrain bundle": a strategy to modulate the reward system and manage treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Induced Dipoles and Possible Modulation of Wireless Effects in Implanted Electrodes. Effects of Implanting Insulated Electrodes on an Animal Test to Screen Antidepressant Activity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Psychiatric Illness–Proposed Indications and Approaches.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Review
- Mood Regulatory Actions of Active and Sham Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation in Antidepressant Resistant Rats.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Decade of Progress in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate for the Treatment of Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subgenual cingulated gyrus (SCG) is a promising new technique that may provide sustained remission in resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Initial studies reported a significant early improvement in patients, followed by a decline within the first month of treatment, an unexpected phenomenon attributed to potential placebo effects or a physiological response to probe insertion that remains poorly understood. Here we characterized the behavioural antidepressant-like effect of DBS in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, focusing on modifications to rodent SCG correlate (prelimbic and infralimbic (IL) cortex). In addition, we evaluated the early outcome of DBS in the SCG of eight patients with resistant MDD involved in a clinical trial. We found similar antidepressant-like effects in rats implanted with electrodes, irrespective of whether they received electrical brain stimulation or not. This effect was due to regional inflammation, as it was temporally correlated with an increase of glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein immunoreactivity, and it was blocked by anti-inflammatory drugs. Indeed, inflammatory mediators and neuronal p11 expression also changed. Furthermore, a retrospective study indicated that the early response of MDD patients subjected to DBS was poorer when they received anti-inflammatory drugs. Our study demonstrates that electrode implantation up to the IL cortex is sufficient to produce an antidepressant-like effect of a similar magnitude to that observed in rats receiving brain stimulation. Moreover, both preclinical and clinical findings suggest that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs after electrode implantation may attenuate the early anti-depressive response in patients who are subjected to DBS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.