ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2013
Circulating serum xenoestrogens and mammographic breast density.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bisphenol A and breast cancer: Can mechanistic plausibility be reconciled with epidemiological inconsistency?iScience · 2026Review
- In utero exposure to estrogenic bisphenol analogues increases mammary tissue stiffness.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Urinary Levels of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Density in Young Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- PFAS Levels, Early Life Factors, and Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Bisphenol-A in Drinking Water Accelerates Mammary Cancerogenesis and Favors an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in BALB-International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mechanosensitive hormone signaling promotes mammary progenitor expansion and breast cancer risk.Cell stem cell · 2024Article
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy and breast tissue composition in adolescent daughters and their mothers: a prospective cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Potential Pro-Tumorigenic Effect of Bisphenol A in Breast Cancer via Altering the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Minireview: Parabens Exposure and Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Analysis of Indirect Biomarkers of Effect after Exposure to Low Doses of Bisphenol A in a Study of Successive Generations of Mice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Rodent Model of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies as Specific Tool for Identifying Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Transgender People and Future Applications for Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Risk of breast cancer and prediagnostic urinary excretion of bisphenol A, triclosan and parabens: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Bisphenol-A exposure and risk of breast and prostate cancer in the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Gut microbiome, body weight, and mammographic breast density in healthy postmenopausal women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- Exposure to bisphenol A and breast cancer risk in northern Mexican women.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Infectious Diseases: From Endocrine Disruption to Immunosuppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHumans are widely exposed to estrogenically active phthalates, parabens, and phenols, raising concerns about potential effects on breast tissue and breast cancer risk. We sought to determine the association of circulating serum levels of these chemicals (reflecting recent exposure) with mammographic breast density (a marker of breast cancer risk).
methodsWe recruited postmenopausal women aged 55 to 70 years from mammography clinics in Madison, Wisconsin (N = 264). Subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample that was analyzed for mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, butyl paraben, propyl paraben, octylphenol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A (BPA). Percentage breast density was measured from mammograms by using a computer-assisted thresholding method.
resultsSerum BPA was positively associated with mammographic breast density after adjusting for age, body mass index, and other potentially confounding factors. Mean percentage density was 12.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.4 to 14.0) among the 193 women with nondetectable BPA levels, 13.7% (95% CI, 10.7 to 17.1) among the 35 women with detectable levels below the median (<0.55 ng/ml), and 17.6% (95% CI, 14.1 to 21.5) among the 34 women with detectable levels above the median (>0.55 ng/ml; Ptrend = 0.01). Percentage breast density was also elevated (18.2%; 95% CI, 13.4 to 23.7) among the 18 women with serum mono-ethyl phthalate above the median detected level (>3.77 ng/ml) compared with women with nondetectable BPA levels (13.1%; 95% CI, 11.9 to 14.3; Ptrend = 0.07). No other chemicals demonstrated associations with percentage breast density.
conclusionsPostmenopausal women with high serum levels of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate had elevated breast density. Further investigation of the impact of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate on breast cancer risk by using repeated serum measurements or other markers of xenoestrogen exposure are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.