ArticleAnesthesiology2013
Effects of general anesthetics on substance P release and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary Substance P Levels During Cesarean Section Under Spinal versus General Anesthesia: A Prospective Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Unraveling the neuroimmune mechanisms in cancer-induced bone pain: New horizons for therapeutic intervention of the two-phase paradigm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Preemptive analgesia regimen modulates hippocampalJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Preemptive Propofol Administration in Spinal Cord Injury: Effects on Pain-Induced Hypertension, Neuroinflammation, and Functional Recovery in Rats.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of classical music on light-plane anaesthesia and analgesia in dogs subjected to surgical nociceptive stimuli.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Anatomical evidence of pruriceptive trigeminothalamic and trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons in mice.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2016Article
- Differential effects of general anesthetics on anxiety-like behavior in formalin-induced pain: involvement of ERK activation in the anterior cingulate cortex.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Short-term anesthesia inhibits formalin-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex but not in the spinal cord.Molecular pain · 2015Article
- Propofol differentially inhibits the release of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundThe authors examined in vivo the effects of general anesthetics on evoked substance P release (primary afferent excitability) and c-Fos expression (neuronal activation) in superficial dorsal horn.
methodsRats received saline, propofol (100 mg/kg), pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), isoflurane (2 minimum alveolar concentration), nitrous oxide (66%), or fentanyl (30 μg/kg). During anesthesia, rats received intraplantar 5% formalin (50 μl) to left hind paw. Ten minutes later, rats underwent transcardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. Substance P release from small primary afferents was assessed by incidence of neurokinin 1 receptor internalization in the superficial dorsal horn. In separate studies, rats were sacrificed after 2 h and c-Fos expression measured.
resultsIntraplantar formalin-induced robust neurokinin 1 receptor internalization in ipsilateral dorsal horn (ipsilateral: 54 ± 6% [mean ± SEM], contralateral: 12 ± 2%; P < 0.05; n = 4). Fentanyl, but not propofol, pentobarbital, isoflurane, nor nitrous oxide alone inhibited neurokinin 1 receptor internalization. However, 2 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane + nitrous oxide reduced neurokinin 1 receptor internalization (27 ± 3%; P < 0.05; n = 5). All agents reduced c-Fos expression (control: 34 ± 4, fentanyl: 8 ± 2, isoflurane: 12 ± 3, nitrous oxide: 11 ± 2, isoflurane + nitrous oxide: 12 ± 1, pentobarbital: 11 ± 2, propofol: 13 ± 3; P < 0.05; n = 3).
conclusionGeneral anesthetics at anesthetic concentrations block spinal neuron activation through a mechanism that is independent of an effect on small primary afferent peptide release. The effect of fentanyl alone and the synergistic effect of isoflurane and nitrous oxide on substance P release suggest a correlative rationale for the therapeutic use of these anesthetic protocols by blocking nociceptive afferent transmitter release and preventing the initiation of cascade, which is immediately postsynaptic to the primary afferent.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.