ReviewAntiviral research2013
Retroviruses and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Review in Antiviral research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case of concurrent ALS and human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1-associated myositis.BMJ case reports · 2026Article
- The association between virus-induced spinal cord pathology and the genetic background of the host.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Co-occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis: a rare but interesting association.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Cutting-edge treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the role of molecular pathogenesis in targeted therapies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Chronic Neuroplasticity Changes Following Neurotropic Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Astrocytes Is Altered in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Mechanistic regulation of HERV activation in tumors and implications for translational research in oncology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial Dyshomeostasis as an Early Hallmark and a Therapeutic Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Proceedings of the inaugural Dark Genome Symposium: November 2022.Mobile DNA · 2023Article
- The Molecular Link Between TDP-43, Endogenous Retroviruses and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Potential Target for Triumeq, an Antiretroviral Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: translating genetic discoveries into therapies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- Neurodegenerative disorders: Assessing the impact of natural vs drug-induced treatment options.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2023Review
- Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Modulation of HERV Expression by Four Different Encephalitic Arboviruses during Infection of Human Primary Astrocytes.Viruses · 2022Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope in Spinal Fluid of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Is Toxic.Annals of neurology · 2022Article
- Progressive Course of Chronic Tick-Borne Encephalitis Manifesting as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-like Syndrome 35 Years after the Acute Disease.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity of the Envelope Surface Unit of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K18 in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Retroviral Elements in Pathophysiology and as Therapeutic Targets for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, invariably fatal neurologic disorder resulting from upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, which typically develops during the sixth or seventh decade of life, and is diagnosed based on standard clinical criteria. Its underlying cause remains undetermined. The disease may occur with increased frequency within certain families, often in association with specific genomic mutations, while some sporadic cases have been linked to environmental toxins or trauma. Another possibility, first proposed in the 1970s, is that retroviruses play a role in pathogenesis. In this paper, we review the published literature for evidence that ALS is associated either with infection by an exogenous retrovirus or with the expression of human endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequences in cells of the central nervous system. A small percentage of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) or human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) develop ALS-like syndromes. While HTLV-1 associated ALS-like syndrome has several features that may distinguish it from classical ALS, HIV-infected patients may develop neurological manifestations that resemble classical ALS although it occurs at a younger age and they may show a dramatic improvement following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. However, most patients with probable or definite ALS show no evidence of HIV-1 or HTLV-1 infection. In contrast, recent reports have shown a stronger association with HERV, as analysis of serum samples, and postmortem brain tissue from a number of patients with a classical ALS has revealed significantly increased expression of HERV-K, compared to controls. These findings suggest that endogenous retroviral elements are involved in the pathophysiology of ALS, but there is no evidence that they are the primary cause of the syndrome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.