ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2013
Amphiregulin mediates progesterone-induced mammary ductal development during puberty.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Follicular Fluid Biomarkers and IVF/ICSI Outcomes in Normo-Ovulatory Women-A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Adult withdrawal of long-term Benzophenone-3 treatment induces regression of mammary ductal branching in a diet-dependent manner.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Article
- Single-cell and spatial analyses reveal a tradeoff between murine mammary proliferation and lineage programs associated with endocrine cues.Cell reports · 2023Article
- ERBB Receptors and Their Ligands in the Developing Mammary Glands of Different Species: Fifteen Characters in Search of an Author.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2023Review
- The molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Adolescent- and adult-initiated alcohol exposure in mice differentially promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Mapping hormone-regulated cell-cell interaction networks in the human breast at single-cell resolution.Cell systems · 2022Article
- High Levels of Progesterone Receptor B in MCF-7 Cells Enable Radical Anti-Tumoral and Anti-Estrogenic Effect of Progestin.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for mammary development and regulation of RANKL during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Unique Transcriptomic Changes Underlie Hormonal Interactions During Mammary Histomorphogenesis in Female Pigs.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2021Review
- Article
- Benzophenone-3 promotion of mammary tumorigenesis is diet-dependent.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention.The EMBO journal · 2019Review
- Co-administering Melatonin With an Estradiol-Progesterone Menopausal Hormone Therapy Represses Mammary Cancer Development in a Mouse Model of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of estrogen- and endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced reorganization of mouse mammary gland.Communications biology · 2019Article
- C/EBPβ LIP and c-Jun synergize to regulate expression of the murine progesterone receptor.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPuberty is a period of increased susceptibility to factors that cause increased breast cancer risk in adulthood. Mammary end buds (EBs) that develop during puberty are believed to be the targets of breast cancer initiation. Whereas the role of estrogen (E) has been extensively studied in pubertal mammary gland development, the role of progesterone (P) during puberty is less defined.
methodsPubertal and prepubertal ovariectomized mice were treated with vehicle control (C), E, P, or E+P. Mammary glands from these mice were analyzed for changes in morphology, proliferation, and expression of the downstream targets amphiregulin (AREG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).
resultsP, acting specifically through the progesterone receptor, induced increases in mammary gland proliferation and EB formation that were associated with increased AREG expression in ducts and EBs. E, acting specifically through the estrogen receptor, produced similar responses also mediated by AREG. Blocking AREG action by treatment with an EGFR inhibitor completely abrogated the effect of P on EB formation and proliferation and significantly reduced proliferation within ducts. P also increased expression of RANKL, primarily in ducts. Treatment with RANK-Fc, an inhibitor of RANKL, reduced P-dependent proliferation in ducts and to a lesser extent in EB, but did not cause EB regression.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate a novel P-specific effect through AREG to cause EB formation and proliferation in the developing mammary gland both before and during puberty. Thus, hormones and/or factors in addition to E that upregulate AREG can promote mammary gland development and have the potential to affect breast cancer risk associated with pubertal mammary gland development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.