ArticleBMC microbiology2013
Extracellular DNA-induced antimicrobial peptide resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- The PhoPQ two-component regulatory system as an important regulator of bacterial stress response.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Extracellular defense of bacteria against antimicrobial peptides.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- High-Resolution Large-Area Image Analysis Deciphers the Distribution of Salmonella Cells and ECM Components in Biofilms Formed on Charged PEDOT:PSS Surfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Subversion of a family of antimicrobial proteins byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Biofilms as Battlefield Armor for Bacteria against Antibiotics: Challenges and Combating Strategies.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- N-acyl homoserine lactonase attenuates the virulence ofAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Combating Bacterial Biofilms: Current and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies for Treating Persistent Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Biocontrol and Probiotic Function of Non-Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance-A Short Story of an Endless Arms Race.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Aberrant phase separation is a common killing strategy of positively charged peptides in biology and human disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Do biosurfactants as anti-biofilm agents have a future in industrial water systems?Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- The Association between Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance with Possible Ingenious Bio-Remedial Approaches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Prevalence of polymyxin resistance through the food chain, the global crisis.The Journal of antibiotics · 2022Review
- Opposing Effects of PhoPQ and PmrAB on the Properties ofBiochemistry · 2021Article
- The role of extracellular DNA in the formation, architecture, stability, and treatment of bacterial biofilms.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2021Review
- The role of biofilm in the development and dissemination of ubiquitous pathogens in drinking water distribution systems: an overview of surveillance, outbreaks, and prevention.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Review
- Enhanced biofilm and extracellular matrix production by chronic carriage versus acute isolates of Salmonella Typhi.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Biofilms as Promoters of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium PhoPQ two component system (TCS) is activated by low Mg2+ levels, low pH and by antimicrobial peptides (AP). Under Mg2+ limitation, the PhoPQ system induces pmrD expression, which post-translationally activates the PmrAB TCS. PhoPQ and PmrAB control many genes required for intracellular survival and pathogenesis. These include the polymyxin resistance (pmr) operon, which is required for aminoarabinose modification of LPS and protecting the outer membrane from antimicrobial peptide disruption and killing. Extracellular DNA is a ubiquitous polymer in the matrix of biofilms and accumulates in some infection sites. Extracellular DNA chelates cations and thus activates the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoPQ/PmrAB systems, leading to expression of the orthologous arn (pmr) operon.
resultsHere we show that extracellular DNA induces expression of the S. Typhimurium pmr antimicrobial peptide resistance operon in a PhoPQ and PmrAB-dependent manner. Induction of the pmr genes by DNA was blocked when present with excess Mg2+. Exogenous DNA led to increased resistance of planktonic cultures to aminoglycosides, antimicrobial peptides (AP) and ciprofloxacin, but only AP resistance was PhoPQ/PmrAB-dependent. Extracellular DNA was shown to be a matrix component of S. Typhimurium biofilms cultivated in flow chambers and on glass surfaces. A pmrH-gfp fusion was highly expressed in flow chamber biofilms cultivated in medium with repressing levels of 10 mM Mg2+ and co-localized with eDNA. Expression of pmrH-lux was monitored in plastic peg biofilms and shown to require PhoPQ and PmrAB. Biofilms had higher levels of pmrH expression compared to planktonic cultures. We propose that DNA accumulation in biofilms contributes to the increased pmrH-lux expression in biofilms.
conclusionsThe Salmonella PhoPQ/PmrAB systems and antimicrobial peptide resistance are activated by the cation chelating properties of extracellular DNA. DNA-induced AP resistance may allow immune evasion and increased survival of S. Typhimurium biofilms formed during extracellular growth stages of an infection or outside the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.