ArticleJournal of drug education2012
Changes in smoking-related norms in bars resulting from California's Smoke-Free Workplace Act.
Article in Journal of drug education, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social norms and the decline in US cigarette smoking: evidence from 30 years of US representative surveys.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- State of the literature discussing smoke-free policies globally: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- Exploring the Potential for Smoke-Free Laws to Reduce Smoking Disparities by Sexual Orientation in the USA.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Smokers' and non-smokers' secondhand smoke experiences and interactions to reduce exposure in Armenia and Georgia.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2021Article
- Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Homes and Vehicles Among US Youths, United States, 2011-2019.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
- Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Secondhand E-Cigarette Aerosol Among Middle and High School Students.Preventing chronic disease · 2019Article
- Voluntary Smoke-Free Measures Among Oklahoma Nightlife Owners: Barriers and Facilitators.Health promotion practice · 2019Article
- Associations of Bar and Restaurant Smoking Bans With Smoking Behavior in the CARDIA Study: A 25-Year Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- How restaurant and bar owners view clean indoor air legislation five years after implementation in North Carolina, 2015.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2017Article
- The Reliability of Naturalistic Observations of Social, Physical and Economic Environments of Bars.Addiction research & theory · 2016Article
- Public Support for Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Point-of-Sale Provisions: Results of a National Study.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- 'Excuse me, sir. Please don't smoke here'. A qualitative study of social enforcement of smoke-free policies in Indonesia.Health policy and planning · 2015Article
- Stigma among California's Medical Marijuana Patients.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
California's Smoke-Free Workplace Act--CA Labor Code Sec. 6404.5(a)--was extended to bars in 1998. This article analyzes changes in normative beliefs and behaviors related to bar smoking in the decade following the adoption of the Act. In a series of studies evaluating the smoke-free workplace law in bars, researchers conducted extensive observations and interviews with bar staff and patrons, health officials, and law enforcement personnel in three California counties. Smoking outside became a normal pause in the social environment and created a new type of bar socializing for outside smokers. Although some bar owners and staff reported initially resenting the responsibility to uphold the law, once norms regarding cigarettes and smoking began changing, bar workers experienced less conflict in upholding the law. Non-smoking behavior within bars also became the normative behavior for bar patrons. California's Smoke-Free Workplace Act has both reflected and encouraged normative beliefs and behaviors related to smoking in bars. The findings indicate that such shifts are possible even in contexts where smoking behaviors and attitudes supporting smoking were deeply entrenched. Recommendations include attending to the synergistic effect of education and policy in effective tobacco control programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.