ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2013
Ginkgo biloba extracts: a review of the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical evidence of ginkgo biloba extract on diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Polyphenol Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- A study on the differences in recovery effects of different types of nutritional supplements on competitive performance of esports athletes under mental fatigue.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Clinical randomized trial study of hearing aids effectiveness in association with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on tinnitus improvement.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyTrial
- Ginkgo biloba L. in preventing cardiovascular disease: pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Article
- Cell cycle disorders in podocytes: an emerging and increasingly recognized phenomenon.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- The Potential of Selected Plants and Their Biologically Active Molecules in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Based Medications and Chemical Approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Psychopharmacotherapy.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Hypoxia-mediated SUMOylation of FADD exacerbates endothelial cell injury via the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL signaling axis.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Proanthocyanidins from Ginkgo extract EGb 761Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Toxicity Potential of Nutraceuticals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- OptimizedJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2025Article
- Topotecan and Ginkgolic Acid Inhibit the Expression and Transport Activity of Human Organic Anion Transporter 3 by Suppressing SUMOylation of the Transporter.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a dry extract obtained from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of clinically proven natural products in the management of dementia.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Aβ Peptide and Tau Aggregation.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is among the most favourite and best explored herbal drugs. Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba represent the only herbal alternative to synthetic antidementia drugs in the therapy of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's diseases. The clinical efficiency of such standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) is still controversial, but authors of numerous international clinical studies recommended the use of GBE in the described therapies.Extracts of Ginkgo biloba are a mixture of substances with a wide variety of physical and chemical properties and activities. Numerous pharmacological investigations lead to the conclusion that the terpene trilactones (TTL) and the flavonoids of GBE are responsible for the main pharmacological effects of the extract in the therapy of cognitive decline. Therefore, the quality of GBE products must be oriented on a defined quantity of TTL and flavonoids. Furthermore, because of their toxic potential the amount of ginkgolic acid should be less than 5 ppm.However, data on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, especially related to the central nervous system (CNS), which is the target tissue, are relatively rare. A few investigations characterize the TTL and flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba pharmacokinetically in plasma and in the brain. Recent investigations show that significant levels of TTL and Ginkgo biloba flavonoids cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the CNS of rats after oral application of GBE. Knowledge about the pharmacokinetic behaviour of these substances is necessary to discuss the pharmacological results on a more realistic basis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.