ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2013
Molecular pathology of brain edema after severe burns in forensic autopsy cases with special regard to the importance of reference gene selection.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunohistochemical insights into hyperthermia-related deaths: a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Measurement of Central Nervous System-Related Biomarkers in Plasma of Burn Patients.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Ethanol exacerbates post-burn neuroinflammation and gut-brain barrier dysfunction which are associated with microbiome changes.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Forensic neuropathology in the past decade: a scoping literature review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- The impact of burn injury on the central nervous system.Burns & trauma · 2024Review
- Intrathrombotic appearances of AQP-1 and AQP-3 in relation to thrombus age in murine deep vein thrombosis model.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in burn injury: a systematic review.International journal of burns and trauma · 2021Review
- Thyroid-related hormones as potential markers of hypoxia/ischemia.Human cell · 2020Article
- Molecular pathology of cerebral TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and Nrf2 in forensic autopsy cases with special regard to deaths due to environmental hazards and intoxication.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2017Article
- Increased cerebral expressions of MMPs, CLDN5, OCLN, ZO1 and AQPs are associated with brain edema following fatal heat stroke.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Decreased mRNA levels of cardiac Cx43 and ZO1 in sudden cardiac death related to coronary atherosclerosis: a pilot study.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Detection of endothelial progenitor cells in human skin wounds and its application for wound age determination.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Molecular pathology of brain matrix metalloproteases, claudin5, and aquaporins in forensic autopsy cases with special regard to methamphetamine intoxication.International journal of legal medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain edema is believed to be linked to high mortality incidence after severe burns. The present study investigated the molecular pathology of brain damage and responses involving brain edema in forensic autopsy cases of fire fatality (n = 55) compared with sudden cardiac death (n = 11), mechanical asphyxia (n = 13), and non-brain injury cases (n = 22). Postmortem mRNA and immunohistochemical expressions of aquaporins (AQPs), claudin5 (CLDN5), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined. Prolonged deaths due to severe burns showed an increase in brain water content, but relative mRNA quantification, using different normalization methods, showed inconsistent results: in prolonged deaths due to severe burns, higher expression levels were detected for all markers when three previously validated reference genes, PES1, POLR2A, and IPO8, were used for normalization, higher for AQP1 and MMP9 when GAPDH alone was used for normalization and higher for MMP9, but lower for MMP2 when B2M alone was used for normalization. Additionally, when B2M alone was used for normalization, higher expression of AQP4 was detected in acute fire deaths. Furthermore, the expression stability values of these five reference genes calculated by geNorm demonstrated that B2M was the least stable one, followed by GAPDH. In immunostaining, only AQP1 and MMP9 showed differences among the causes of death: they were evident in most prolonged deaths due to severe burns. These findings suggest that systematic analysis of gene expressions using real-time PCR might be a useful procedure in forensic death investigation, and validation of reference genes is crucial.
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