ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2013
Toxin plasmids of Clostridium perfringens.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis of bacteria related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
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- Colon Histophysiological Features and Gut Microbiome in Tolerant and Susceptible to Oxygen Deficiency Wistar Rats After the Prolonged Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Characterization of gut microbiome signatures in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and mobile genetic elements profile ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
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- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Toxin gene profiles, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity ofCurrent research in food science · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of gut-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Milestones in Clostridium perfringens research since 1995.Anaerobe · 2025Review
- Lignocellulose degradation capabilities and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Clostridium from the gut of giant pandas.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Isolation, toxin gene profiling, and phylogenetic analysis of Clostridium perfringens in Egyptian fruit bats: public health and epidemiological implications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intestinal reengineering: Scientific advances in intestinal transplantation.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- Impact of Alginate Oligosaccharides on Ovarian Performance and the Gut Microbial Community in Mice with D-Galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- A [FeFe] Hydrogenase-Rubrerythrin Chimeric Enzyme Functions to Couple HJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Oral and parenteral vaccination of broiler chickens with Recombinant NetB antigen from Clostridium perfringens confers significant protection against necrotic enteritis.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 ameliorates bone and muscle loss via modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate production.Bone research · 2025Article
- Benzoic Acid,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In both humans and animals, Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of histotoxic infections and diseases originating in the intestines, such as enteritis and enterotoxemia. The virulence of this Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium is heavily dependent upon its prolific toxin-producing ability. Many of the ∼16 toxins produced by C. perfringens are encoded by large plasmids that range in size from ∼45 kb to ∼140 kb. These plasmid-encoded toxins are often closely associated with mobile elements. A C. perfringens strain can carry up to three different toxin plasmids, with a single plasmid carrying up to three distinct toxin genes. Molecular Koch's postulate analyses have established the importance of several plasmid-encoded toxins when C. perfringens disease strains cause enteritis or enterotoxemias. Many toxin plasmids are closely related, suggesting a common evolutionary origin. In particular, most toxin plasmids and some antibiotic resistance plasmids of C. perfringens share an ∼35-kb region containing a Tn916-related conjugation locus named tcp (transfer of clostridial plasmids). This tcp locus can mediate highly efficient conjugative transfer of these toxin or resistance plasmids. For example, conjugative transfer of a toxin plasmid from an infecting strain to C. perfringens normal intestinal flora strains may help to amplify and prolong an infection. Therefore, the presence of toxin genes on conjugative plasmids, particularly in association with insertion sequences that may mobilize these toxin genes, likely provides C. perfringens with considerable virulence plasticity and adaptability when it causes diseases originating in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.