Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23698370›Full record

ArticleNature2013

Barium distributions in teeth reveal early-life dietary transitions in primates.

Christine Austin, Tanya M Smith, Asa Bradman, Katie Hinde, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, David Bishop, Dominic J Hare, Philip Doble, Brenda Eskenazi, Manish Arora

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Teeth as bioarchives of metallic trace elements: a systematic review.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026
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  20. A Neandertal dietary conundrum: Insights provided by tooth enamel Zn isotopes from Gabasa, Spain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Christine AustinDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Tanya M Smith
Asa Bradman
Katie Hinde
Renaud Joannes-Boyau
David Bishop
Dominic J Hare
Philip Doble
Brenda Eskenazi
Manish Arora

Funding

Project C: Epigenetic Effects of DDT/E and PBDEs on PubertyP01ES009605 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI ESKENAZI, BRENDA · 1999 to 2015
$11.2M
Early Life Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Oral HealthR00ES019597 · NIEHS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ARORA, MANISH · 2013 to 2015
$747k
NIEHS NIH HHS 4R00ES019597-03NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES009605NIEHS NIH HHS R00 ES019597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early-life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are important determinants of health in contemporary human populations. Weaning is critical to developmental and reproductive rates; early weaning can have detrimental health effects but enables shorter inter-birth intervals, which influences population growth. Uncovering early-life dietary history in fossils is hampered by the absence of prospectively validated biomarkers that are not modified during fossilization. Here we show that large dietary shifts in early life manifest as compositional variations in dental tissues. Teeth from human children and captive macaques, with prospectively recorded diet histories, demonstrate that barium (Ba) distributions accurately reflect dietary transitions from the introduction of mother's milk through the weaning process. We also document dietary transitions in a Middle Palaeolithic juvenile Neanderthal, which shows a pattern of exclusive breastfeeding for seven months, followed by seven months of supplementation. After this point, Ba levels in enamel returned to baseline prenatal levels, indicating an abrupt cessation of breastfeeding at 1.2 years of age. Integration of Ba spatial distributions and histological mapping of tooth formation enables novel studies of the evolution of human life history, dietary ontogeny in wild primates, and human health investigations through accurate reconstructions of breastfeeding history.

Indexed as

DietFossilsWeaningAdultAnimalsBariumBreast FeedingCalciumChild, PreschoolFemaleHistory, AncientHumansInfantMacacaNeanderthalsReproducibility of ResultsBariumCalcium

Identifiers

PMID23698370
PMCPMC3725337

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.