ArticleJournal of virology2013
Epstein-Barr virus transcytosis through polarized oral epithelial cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
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- Expression of Glycoprotein B (gB) Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation as a result of non-neurotropic herpesvirus infection.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Epstein-Barr virus type 2 infection is associated with higher viral loads in pediatric tonsils from western Kenya.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Oral hairy leukoplakia: The role of Epstein-Barr virus, the occurrence in immunocompetent patients, and the malignant transformation potential.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Review
- Harnessing Cellular Immunotherapy for EBV-Associated Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Epstein-Barr virus infection induces tissue-resident memory T cells in mucosal lymphoid tissues.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Tissue and cellular tropism ofVeterinary pathology · 2024Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disease of Oropharyngeal Mucosal Epithelium.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response to the EBV Proteome across EBV-Related Malignancies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with enhanced penetration of the blood-brain barrier in rodents and primates.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- Review
- Impact of Caveolin-Mediated Endocytosis on the Trafficking of HIV within the Colonic Barrier.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an orally transmitted virus, viral transmission through the oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium is not well understood. In this study, we investigated how EBV traverses polarized human oral epithelial cells without causing productive infection. We found that EBV may be transcytosed through oral epithelial cells bidirectionally, from both the apical to the basolateral membranes and the basolateral to the apical membranes. Apical to basolateral EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by amiloride, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis. Electron microscopy showed that virions were surrounded by apical surface protrusions and that virus was present in subapical vesicles. Inactivation of signaling molecules critical for macropinocytosis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, myosin light-chain kinase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, p21-activated kinase 1, ADP-ribosylation factor 6, and cell division control protein 42 homolog, led to significant reduction in EBV apical to basolateral transcytosis. In contrast, basolateral to apical EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by nystatin, an inhibitor of caveolin-mediated virus entry. Caveolae were detected in the basolateral membranes of polarized human oral epithelial cells, and virions were detected in caveosome-like endosomes. Methyl β-cyclodextrin, an inhibitor of caveola formation, reduced EBV basolateral entry. EBV virions transcytosed in either direction were able to infect B lymphocytes. Together, these data show that EBV transmigrates across oral epithelial cells by (i) apical to basolateral transcytosis, potentially contributing to initial EBV penetration that leads to systemic infection, and (ii) basolateral to apical transcytosis, which may enable EBV secretion into saliva in EBV-infected individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.