ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2013
C1 neurons: the body's EMTs.
Review in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.
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Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular changes in hypoxia-induced central neural circuits and nuclei.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Food allergy-induced anaphylaxis impairs adrenal adrenergic biosynthesis despite preserved vagal afferent-adrenal sympathetic reflex function.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Article
- Article
- The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on sympathetic neuron activity.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Prefrontal-medullary circuitry is necessary for sex-specific responses to metabolic stress in rats.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Control of Blood Pressure Variability Across Behavioral States by Brainstem Adrenergic Neurons.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Prefrontal-medullary circuitry is necessary for sex-specific responses to metabolic stress in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- RVLM C1 Neurons Innervate Sacral as well as Thoracolumbar Autonomic Preganglionic Neurons in the Rat.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- Neural Regulation of Blood Glucose in Acute Stress: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Regulation for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy: Insights Along the Path From Bench to Bedside.Seminars in nephrology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Control of Inflammation in Acute Kidney Injury and Multiorgan Dysfunction.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Neurogenic organ dysfunction syndrome after acute brain injury.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- The role of αAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Stress reactivity is modulated by cannabinoid type-1 receptors in norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons in a context-dependent manner.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- The activation of catecholamine neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla drives ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- The sympathetic nervous system enhances host immune responses to enteric bacterial pathogens in mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- From thought to action: The organization of spinal projecting neurons.Cell reports · 2025Review
- Infralimbic prefrontal cortical projections to the autonomic brainstem: quantification of inputs to cholinergic and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia and ovariectomy exert independent and region-specific effects on ΔFosB expression and increase blood pressure in female rats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The C1 neurons reside in the rostral and intermediate portions of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, IVLM). They use glutamate as a fast transmitter and synthesize catecholamines plus various neuropeptides. These neurons regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis via direct projections to the paraventricular nucleus and regulate the autonomic nervous system via projections to sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. The presympathetic C1 cells, located in the RVLM, are probably organized in a roughly viscerotopic manner and most of them regulate the circulation. C1 cells are variously activated by hypoglycemia, infection or inflammation, hypoxia, nociception, and hypotension and contribute to most glucoprivic responses. C1 cells also stimulate breathing and activate brain stem noradrenergic neurons including the locus coeruleus. Based on the various effects attributed to the C1 cells, their axonal projections and what is currently known of their synaptic inputs, subsets of C1 cells appear to be differentially recruited by pain, hypoxia, infection/inflammation, hemorrhage, and hypoglycemia to produce a repertoire of stereotyped autonomic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses that help the organism survive physical injury and its associated cohort of acute infection, hypoxia, hypotension, and blood loss. C1 cells may also contribute to glucose and cardiovascular homeostasis in the absence of such physical stresses, and C1 cell hyperactivity may contribute to the increase in sympathetic nerve activity associated with diseases such as hypertension.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.