ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Glutathione and tryptophan metabolism are required for Arabidopsis immunity during the hypersensitive response to hemibiotrophs.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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55 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transposable Element Landscape in the Monotypic SpeciesBiomolecules · 2025Article
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- Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.Stress biology · 2024Article
- The Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Subfamily I Contributes to Leaf Age- and Time-Dependent Resistance to Pathogens inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Antifungal Activity of Glucosinolate-Derived Nitriles and Their Synergistic Activity with Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates Distinguishes Various Taxa of Brassicaceae Endophytes and Soil Fungi.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Preinvasive nonhost resistance ofPlant signaling & behavior · 2022Article
- AIG2A and AIG2B limit the activation of salicylic acid-regulated defenses by tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- CORK1, A LRR-Malectin Receptor Kinase, Is Required for Cellooligomer-Induced Responses inCells · 2022Article
- Multilayered synergistic regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, jasmonate, and MAPK signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- Camalexin accumulation as a component of plant immunity during interactions with pathogens and beneficial microbes.Planta · 2022Review
- Emerging Roles of Motile Epidermal Chloroplasts in Plant Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Correlations Between the Metabolome and the Endophytic Fungal Metagenome Suggests Importance of Various Metabolite Classes in Community Assembly in Horseradish (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Senescence.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Tryptophan metabolism and bacterial commensals prevent fungal dysbiosis inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Investigation and Computational Analysis of the Sulfotransferase (SOT) Gene Family in Potato (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is a type of strong immune response found in plants that is accompanied by localized cell death. However, it is unclear how HR can block a broad range of pathogens with different infective modes. In this study, we report that γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase GSH1, which is critical for glutathione biosynthesis, and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism contribute to HR and block development of fungal pathogens with hemibiotrophic infective modes. We found that GSH1 is involved in the penetration2 (PEN2)-based entry control of the nonadapted hemibiotroph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, Arabidopsis mutants specifically defective in entry control terminated further growth of the pathogen in the presence of HR cell death, whereas gsh1 mutants supported pathogen invasive growth in planta, demonstrating the requirement of GSH1 for postinvasive nonhost resistance. Remarkably, on the basis of the phenotypic and metabolic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants defective in Trp metabolism, we showed that biosynthesis of Trp-derived phytochemicals is also essential for resistance to C. gloeosporioides during postinvasive HR. By contrast, GSH1 and these metabolites are likely to be dispensable for the induction of cell death during postinvasive HR. Furthermore, the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1/resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4 dual Resistance gene-dependent immunity of Arabidopsis to the adapted hemibiotroph shared GSH1 and cytochromes P450 CYP79B2/CYP79B3 with postinvasive nonhost resistance, whereas resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola 1 and resistance to P. syringae 2-based Resistance gene resistance against bacterial pathogens did not. These data suggest that the synthesis of glutathione and Trp-derived metabolites during HR play crucial roles in terminating the invasive growth of both nonadapted and adapted hemibiotrophs.
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