ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2013
Female genital cosmetic surgery: a review of techniques and outcomes.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Female Sexual Function After Labiaplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The contribution of online content to the promotion and normalisation of female genital cosmetic surgery: a systematic review of the literature.BMC women's health · 2015Pooled it
- Comparison of Sexual Function, Satisfaction, and Assertiveness in Genital Cosmetic Surgery Groups: A Randomized-Sampling Cross-Sectional Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Trial
- Knowledge and awareness of female genital cosmetic surgery among healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Shore-Up, a Novel Technique with Tensor Threads in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2026Article
- Gynecoplastic Surgery: A Unified Terminology for Female Genital Aesthetic, Reconstructive, and Functional Procedures.Cureus · 2026Review
- Motivational Factors for Labiaplasty: A Systematic Review of Medical Research.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Body image and sexual life satisfaction in women considering female genital cosmetic surgery in Iran.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- A Decade of Lawsuits Against Surgeons Performing Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS) in Tehran, Iran.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Labiaplasty Outcomes and Complications in Turkish Women: A Multicentric Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- The 50 most cited articles and science mapping analysis of vaginal tightening.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- 360 Genital Fat Transfer.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021Article
- Body Image, Sexual Function, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Couples Before and After Gynecologic Cosmetic Surgery.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2021Article
- The Safe Practice of Female Genital Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Review
- Materials Selection for the Injection into Vaginal Wall for Treatment of Vaginal Atrophy.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021Review
- Posterior Vaginoplasty With Perineoplasty: A Canadian Experience With Vaginal Tightening Surgery.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2019Article
- A mini-review of aesthetic gynecology and leading gynecology associations' approaches to this issue.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Review
- Audit of Female Genital Aesthetic Surgery: Changing Trends in India.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2018Article
- Labiaplasty: motivation, techniques, and ethics.Nature reviews. Urology · 2018Review
- Female genital mutilation: the role of medical professional organizations.International urogynecology journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aesthetic and functional procedures that comprise female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) include traditional vaginal prolapse procedures as well as cosmetic vulvar and labial procedures. The line between cosmetic and medically indicated surgical procedures is blurred, and today many operations are performed for both purposes. The contributions of gynecologists and reconstructive pelvic surgeons are crucial in this debate. Aesthetic vaginal surgeons may unintentionally blur legitimate female pelvic floor disorders with other aesthetic conditions. In the absence of quality outcome data, the value of FGCS in improving sexual function remains uncertain. Women seeking FGCS need to be educated about the range and variation of labia widths and genital appearance, and should be evaluated for true pelvic support disorders such as pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Women seeking FGCS should also be screened for psychological conditions and should act autonomously without coercion from partners or surgeons with proprietary conflicts of interest.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23695382What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.