ArticleJournal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision2013
Empirical variability in the calibration of slope-based eccentric photorefraction.
Article in Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the agreement of non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- Accommodative responses stimulated from the Maddox components of vergence in participants with normal binocular vision.Journal of vision · 2025Trial
- IMI-Instrumentation for Myopia Management.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Physiological Vergence Angle Calculations from Objective Measurements of Gaze Position.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- How Do Most Young Moderate Hyperopes Avoid Strabismus?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Vergence and accommodation responses in the control of intermittent exotropia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Article
- Validation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Accommodation: Comparison With the Grand Seiko WAM-5500A Autorefractor.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- The magnitude of monocular light attenuation required to elicit the Pulfrich illusion.Vision research · 2021Article
- Fluctuations of Steady-State Accommodation Is a Marker for Screening Spasm of Near Reflex.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- A covered eye fails to follow an object moving in depth.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Correction of Low-Moderate Hyperopia Improves Accommodative Function for Some Hyperopic Children During Sustained Near Work.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Does the Accuracy and Repeatability of Refractive Error Estimates Depend on the Measurement Principle of Autorefractors?Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Utilizing minicomputer technology for low-cost photorefraction: a feasibility study.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Spasm of Near Reflex: Objective Assessment of the Near-Triad.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Refractive Error Using Photorefraction Images Captured by a Smartphone: Model Development and Validation Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2020Article
- Calibration of the PlusOptix PowerRef 3 with change in viewing distance, adult age and refractive error.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2019Article
- Two-dimensional simulation of eccentric photorefraction images for ametropes: factors influencing the measurement.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2018Article
- Asymmetrical accommodation in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia.Experimental eye research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Refraction estimates from eccentric infrared (IR) photorefraction depend critically on the calibration of luminance slopes in the pupil. While the intersubject variability of this calibration has been estimated, there is no systematic evaluation of its intrasubject variability. This study determined the within subject inter- and intra-session repeatability of this calibration factor and the optimum range of lenses needed to derive this value. Relative calibrations for the MCS PowerRefractor and a customized photorefractor were estimated twice within one session or across two sessions by placing trial lenses before one eye covered with an IR transmitting filter. The data were subsequently resampled with various lens combinations to determine the impact of lens power range on the calibration estimates. Mean (±1.96 SD) calibration slopes were 0.99±0.39 for North Americans with the MCS PowerRefractor (relative to its built-in value) and 0.65±0.25 Ls/D and 0.40±0.09 Ls/D for Indians and North Americans with the custom photorefractor, respectively. The ±95% limits of agreement of intrasubject variability ranged from ±0.39 to ±0.56 for the MCS PowerRefractor and ±0.03 Ls/D to ±0.04 Ls/D for the custom photorefractor. The mean differences within and across sessions were not significantly different from zero (p>0.38 for all). The combined intersubject and intrasubject variability of calibration is therefore about ±40% of the mean value, implying that significant errors in individual refraction/accommodation estimates may arise if a group-average calibration is used. Protocols containing both plus and minus lenses had calibration slopes closest to the gold-standard protocol, suggesting that they may provide the best estimate of the calibration factor compared to those containing either plus or minus lenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.