ArticleInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2015
Enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease.
Article in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- The etiology and evolution of magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Common Genetic Variation Indicates Separate Causes for Periventricular and Deep White Matter Hyperintensities.Stroke · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Vascular Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognition: A meta-analysis of 5 population-based studies.Neurology · 2018Pooled it
- Silent Brain Infarction and Risk of Future Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Stroke · 2016Pooled it
- Perivascular spaces as MRI markers associated with radiation necrosis in brain metastases patients: an exploratory study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Perivascular Spaces as Determinants of Amyloid, Tau, and Vascular Biomarker Progression.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Tracking the changes in longitudinal MRI-detected perivascular spaces following ischaemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Are perivascular spaces truly incidental? Evidence of structural-diffusion coupling in healthy young adults.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- A web-based dynamic nomogram for individualized risk prediction of magnetic resonance imaging-defined cerebral small-vessel disease: Model development and internal validation.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Cerebral small vessel disease and cognition in older adults across the neurodegenerative spectrum: insights from the COMPASS-ND study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Microvascular brain damage in middle-aged women with a history of migraine with aura and/or ischemic stroke.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Article
- Exploring the Research Progress of Vascular Dementia and Key Regulatory Molecules: E2F1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of Basal Ganglia Perivascular Spaces on Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Risks in Patients Taking Antithrombotic Therapies.Neurology · 2026Observational
- A physically and mentally active lifestyle relates to younger brain and cognitive age.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Perivascular pathology, not macrovascular complexity, governs glymphatic-related dysfunction in preclinical cerebral small vessel disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Perivascular Space Progression in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.European neurology · 2026Article
- Spatial coupling of enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter lesions across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- "Mind the Gap"-enlarged perivascular spaces as a potential magnetic resonance imaging biomarker of impaired glymphatic clearance in brain disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- An evaluation of perivascular space burden and contrast enhancement on 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2025Article
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsEnlarged perivascular spaces (also known as Virchow-Robin spaces) on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging are common, but their etiology, and specificity to small vessel as opposed to general cerebrovascular disease or ageing, is unclear. We tested the association between enlarged perivascular spaces and ischemic stroke subtype, other markers of small vessel disease, and common vascular risk factors.
methodsWe prospectively recruited patients with acute stroke, diagnosed and subtyped by a stroke physician using clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging. A neuroradiologist rated basal ganglia and centrum semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces on a five-point scale, white matter lesions, recent and old infarcts, and cerebral atrophy. We assessed associations between basal ganglia-, centrum semiovale- and total (combined basal ganglia and centrum semiovale) enlarged perivascular spaces, stroke subtype, white matter lesions, atrophy, and vascular risk factors.
resultsAmong 298 patients (mean age 68 years), after adjusting for vascular risk factors and white matter lesions, basal ganglia-enlarged perivascular spaces were associated with increasing age (P = 0.001), centrum semiovale-enlarged perivascular spaces (P < 0.001), cerebral atrophy (P = 0.03), and lacunar stroke subtype (P = 0.04). Centrum semiovale-enlarged perivascular spaces were associated mainly with basal ganglia-enlarged perivascular spaces. Total enlarged perivascular spaces were associated with increasing age (P = 0.01), deep white matter lesions (P = 0.005), and previous stroke (P = 0.006).
conclusionsEnlarged perivascular spaces are associated with age, lacunar stroke subtype and white matter lesions and should be considered as another magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease. Further evaluation of enlarged perivascular spaces in studies of ageing, stroke, and dementia is needed to determine their pathophysiological importance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.