ArticlePloS one2013
Gold nanoparticle delivery of modified CpG stimulates macrophages and inhibits tumor growth for enhanced immunotherapy.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanotechnology Meets Immunotherapy: Crosstalks Against Cancer.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Structural immunotherapy: Harnessing chemical design to build powerful next-generation therapeutics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Impacts of loading thymoquinone to gold or silver nanoparticles on the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments in breast cancer with or without chemotherapeutic cisplatin.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- For and against tumor microenvironment: Nanoparticle-based strategies for active cancer therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Shifting cold to hot tumors by nanoparticle-loaded drugs and products.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Unique Properties and Therapeutic Potential.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unlocking the Potential of Gold as Nanomedicine in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of nanotheranostics · 2024Article
- Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles as a Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Therapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Metal ions and nanometallic materials in antitumor immunity: Function, application, and perspective.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Review
- Enhanced systemic antilymphoma immune response by photothermal therapy with CpG deoxynucleotide-coated nanoparticles.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Cell-Inspired Biomaterials for Modulating Inflammation.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2022Review
- The Landscape of Nanovectors for Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Multifunctional inorganic nanomaterials for cancer photoimmunotherapy.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2022Review
- The Biocomplex Assembled from Antigen Peptide and Toll-like Receptor Agonist Improved the Immunity against Pancreatic AdenocarcinomaJournal of oncology · 2022Article
- Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Design and Encapsulation of Immunomodulators onto Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Biophysical Properties of Self-Assembled Immune Signals Impact Signal Processing and the Nature of Regulatory Immune Function.Nano letters · 2021Article
- Nanomedicine to modulate immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle accumulation in immune cells has commonly been viewed as a side effect for cancer therapeutic delivery; however, this phenomenon can be utilized for developing gold nanoparticle mediated immunotherapy. Here, we conjugated a modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide immune stimulant to gold nanoparticles using a simple and scalable self-assembled monolayer scheme that enhanced the functionality of CpG in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles can attenuate systemic side effects by enhancing CpG delivery passively to innate effector cells. The use of a triethylene glycol (TEG) spacer on top of the traditional poly-thymidine spacer increased CpG macrophage stimulatory effects without sacrificing DNA content on the nanoparticle, which directly correlates to particle uptake. In addition, the immune effects of modified CpG-AuNPs were altered by the core particle size, with smaller 15 nm AuNPs generating maximum immune response. These TEG modified CpG-AuNP complexes induced macrophage and dendritic cell tumor infiltration, significantly inhibited tumor growth, and promoted survival in mice when compared to treatments with free CpG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.