ArticlePloS one2013
Hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells through autocrine TGFβ signaling.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treating cancerous large airway stenosis with staging radioactive particle implantation guided by computed tomography and fiber bronchoscopy: a clinical study.World journal of surgical oncology · 2017Trial
- Identification, functional insights and therapeutic targeting of EMT tumour states.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- A Boolean network model of hypoxia, mechanosensing and TGF-β signaling captures the role of phenotypic plasticity and mutations in tumor metastasis.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Lysyl Oxidase as a Target to Reduce Graft Failure Post Solid Organ Transplantation, a Potential Target for Novel Treatment.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- A Histone Methylation-MAPK Signaling Axis Drives Durable Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxic Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2024Article
- The role of oxygen tension in cell fate and regenerative medicine: implications of hypoxia/hyperoxia and free radicals.Cell and tissue banking · 2024Review
- Interleukin-6 and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote EMT-Mediated Invasion in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2023Article
- Clinical progress of anti-angiogenic targeted therapy and combination therapy for gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in stemness and resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer: Future directions for therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by tumor microenvironmental signals and its implication in cancer therapeutics.Seminars in cancer biology · 2023Review
- The Function of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) as a Negative Regulator in Tumor Cell Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Therapeutic Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF-1) in Cancer: Cutting Gordian Knot of Cancer Cell Metabolism.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- An epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related long non-coding RNA signature to predict overall survival and immune microenvironment in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Autocrine TGF-β in Cancer: Review of the Literature and Caveats in Experimental Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors-A Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- AEBP1 Is One of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Regulatory Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- HIF-1α Metabolic Pathways in Human Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to be correlated with malignancy of cancer cells and responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that distant metastasis was associated with hypoxia in gastric cancer. We therefore investigated the effect of hypoxic condition on EMT of gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cells were cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 h. EMT was evaluated as the percentage of spindle-shaped cells in total cells. Effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the EMT was evaluated. The expression level of TGFβ1 and TGFβR was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. The TGFβ1 production from cancer cells was measured by ELISA. Hypoxia stimulated EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells, but not that of OCUM-2M cells. The expression level of TGFβ1 mRNA under hypoxia was significantly higher than that under normoxia in all of three cell lines. The expression level of TGFβR mRNA was significantly increased by hypoxia in OCUM-2MD3 cells, but not in OCUM-2M cells. TGFβR inhibitor, SB431542 or Ki26894, significantly suppressed EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12. TGFβ1 production from OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells was significantly increased under hypoxia in comparison with that under normoxia. These findings might suggest that hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells via autocrine TGFβ/TGFβR signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.